Leading in a Changing World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Leading in a Changing World - Essay Example The theory holds that at least some activities are morally necessary irrespective of their magnitudes for human welfare (Isaacs, 2014, pp.96). In Teleological ethic, it is a theory of morals that originates duty responsibility from what is decent or necessary as a goal to be attained (Hurley, 2014, pp.225). In order for me to define the complex leadership ethics, I have chosen the leadership grid as my model for leadership in my industrial enterprise. A study done came up with four types of leaders; authoritarian, country club, improvised and team leader. In team leadership, study showed that they were high on tasks and high in relationship. The leaders govern by positive example and strive to raise a team environment so that every team member is able to reach his/her topmost potential, both as team fellows and as people. They inspire the group to reach objectives as efficiently as possible, while at the same time working hard to empower the links among the different members. Under a uthoritarian leadership, they were high on tasks and low on relationships. The leaders are more of task focused and are tough towards the workers. For country club leaders, they are more focused on team towards achieving set goals and use award power to ensure discipline. An impoverished leader is not committed to their work achievement or maintenance, and instead allows the team to do as they see fit. As a result, they are both low in task and relationship (Singh, 2009, pp.72). In 2007, Southwest airlines was involved in a scandal that involved the airline allowing 59 00 flights without carrying out adequate regulations and checkups as required by the Federal Aviation Administrations. On top of that, even after realizing their mistake, they allowed, 1 452 more flights. This violated the flight’s ethics and also endangered the lives to the general public.

Visual Analysis on a Photography of your Choice Article

Visual Analysis on a Photography of your Choice - Article Example As a means of analyzing and understanding Arbus unique style, this particular essay will discuss the photograph entitled â€Å"Identical Twins – 1967). By analyzing its technical approach, content, story, and significance, it is the hope of this particular author that the reader will come to a more informed understanding and appreciation for the work of this artist and the actual technical skill and means of delivery that this particular photograph employs. For means of reference, the photograph in question is appended on the final page of this essay in the Appendix. Likewise, the following quote from Stuart Hall will be analyzed: â€Å"Yesterdays deconstructions are often tomorrows orthodox clichà ©s† (Grossberg, 2014). As has been noted within the introduction, Arbus’ attention to elements of society that would otherwise not likely find themselves within the photographer’s lens is what helped to set her style and approach apart from others. With regard to the photo in question, identical twins that are anything but attractive are represented in a black and white medium; Arbus’ favorite. Shooting this particular shot with her Rolleiflex medium twin lens reflex, she used a square aspect ratio to engender the disjunct and unnatural reality that was represented within the shot. Furthermore, even though the image is clearly posed, Arbus stayed with her convention and insisted that the subjects did not express any clear emotion; either positive or negative. In this way, the blank faces of the twins serve as the focal point around which a dull background contrasts with their dull and dour expressions. Interestingly, Arbus chose to set the backdrop of the photo in a way that did not c ompliment nor detract from the subjects in question (Baird, 2008). This is with reference to the fact that the floor of the setting is outlined in a darker hue (predictably black) with the wall being outlined in a lighter hue (probably grey). However, by means

Olympic Sport Essay Example for Free

Olympic Sport Essay Any athlete in training will always emphasize the importance of hard work during training and keeping a balanced nutritional diet in an effort to reach his maximum peak during competition. For an Olympic athlete in training, his diet will always spell the difference between winning or losing his sport. The reality of training for an Olympic sport such as swimming is that the speed of the swimmer does not depend on the food intake of the swimmer. What makes him skim through the water much faster is his physical training and physique. Proper diet and nutrition is what will give the body the energy to complete training sessions and become more efficient while performing the trained tasks. This is why a diet analysis is highly important when training a swimmer. The diet analysis is composed of two parts according to the usaswimming. org website: Diet analysis is comprised of two parts, needs and intake. Optimal nutrition is a matter of balance (nutrients-in versus nutrients-out). In other words, a swimmer’s intake of nutrients must match his/her output of nutrients during rest and exercise. In terms of energy (aka calories), if the needs are greater than the intake, the net result is weight loss. Conversely, if the needs are less than the intake, the net result is weight gain. Therefore, an athlete must always be focused on healthy eating and conscious of having to substitute lower fat foods for whole fat foods as well as reducing any snacks that will not contribute to keeping his energy level high. The athlete will best be served by loading up on whole grains, cereals, and legumes with at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in a day. His protein intake should be limited to lean meats, fish, and poultry. A typical diet for swimmer would be composed of the basic food groups but on a varying scale. For instance, Carbohydrates are used as the fuel of the body and therefore a swimmer should consume about 55-60% of his daily calories from grain and cereal products. Protein in the meantime builds the swimmers muscle tissues and other chemicals needed for body function. So protein intake would be recommended at about 15-20 % calories. Fat in the meantime is the transporter of the body. Swimmers will consume only 30% of fat calories while limiting the intake will result in a desirable fat consumption range for the athlete.

E Servicescapes On Hotel Website Information Technology Essay

E Servicescapes On Hotel Website Information Technology Essay Last chapter, the background research has been mention and present. This study is focus on testing the e-serviscapes dimension on a hotel website. Few studies on e-servicescapes have been noticed in industry and organization. One of the example is E-servicescapes of BB website . The reserch has attempted to examine the dimension of e-servicescapes as antecedents of perceived e-servicescape quality of BB website . Jeon Jeong (2009) are also attempt to measure e-servicescapes qualities of BB website and investigates dimensions of the e-servicescapes most influence customer decision making. Regarding to the research above, this study is testing the e-servicescapes dimension on the intention of using hotel website by applying the past research conceptual framework. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the related issues within the e-servicesapes on a hotel website. In order to gain a clearer and better understanding, it is definitely to explore the related literature reg arding the e-servicesape. Following that, the key aspects of this review is to measure the dependent variable which is the intention of internet browser to browse hotel website. The literature review is focused on the theoretical definition and empirical studies in regards to the areas. Servicescapes has used in the development of e-servicescapes framework. In this chapter, related theory and variables will be further explained. 2.2 Servicescapes For your information, servicescape is known as the physical environment of an organization in several different elements such as overall layout, design and dà ©cor . Bitner (1992) define servicescapes as a service packages by categorize it in three environmental dimensions, which are ambient conditions, space or function, and sign, symbols, and artifacts. First of all, ambient conditions are sensory elements which consist of temperature, air quality, noise, music, light, smell, color and so on . Next, space or function are refers to layout equipment, furnishings and others items arrangement and functionality . Sign, symbol and artifact are means to be signage, personal artifacts, style of decoration and so on . These environmental dimensions or we shall say physical elements will give impact on customers and employees. Hence leads to internal responses in cognitive, emotional, and physiological . Due to the impacts given by environmental dimensions, customers and employees behavior will be influence in order to approach or avoid certain product or service . Typology of service organizations based on variations in form and usage of the servicescape are able to categorize in three types, self service, interpersonal services, and remote services . Hotel is one of interpersonal services which include both customer and employee. As the standards of lifestyle increasing, applying servicescapes in hotel services is important. Hotel as a service organization who developing with servicescape, it is actually enhance customer satisfaction and increase in repeat business . According to Kandampully Suhartanoto (2000) research, companys image contributes value addition and increases the customer satisfaction towards the product and service provided by the company. Customer satisfaction and company image are positively related to customer loyalty . A positive perceived in cognition, emotion, and physiological will leads to positive approach behavior . Hence, an intention for customer to continuously utilize service and product of hotel will occur. 2.3 E-servicescapes on hotel website Nowadays, online retailing is steadily growth. Company or organization are adopting information technology to run business online as e-merchant . Base on the Jeon Jeong (2009) study research, a framework had been built in previous study on servicescapes and customer relationships in service organization in physical setting and on the website environment . Figure 1 depicts is the framework for environmental dimensions affecting perceived e-servicescapes: Adapted from: Jeon Jeong (2009) Figure 1: A framework for environmental dimensions affecting perceived e-servicescapes The framework shows that the four environmental dimensions of e-servicescapes are ambient conditions, design aspects, search aids slogans and functional aspects. In the context of e-servicescapes, these four dimensions will provide customers with communication cues . Perceived e-servicescapes quality and intention to use a BB website were affected by the environmental dimensions of e-servicescapes . The major vary between serviscapes and e-serviscapes is the physical and non-physical elements. Unlike servicescapes, e-servicescapes have no physical elements in Internet service environment . Dimensions between servicescapes and e-servicescapes might are similar in terms of definition, but is different in some characteristic in terms of environment . There were no physically interaction between customer and employees when service provided . In this modern area, service or sales that involve online or go through by website, the e-servicescapes may be the key factor in playing a role of representing company or organization to customers . By using internet, information provided from website is giving intangible benefits of interaction with websites . Internet also allow customer to have more choices in terms of service and product and giving opportunity to customer to compare price and features of relevant product and service through vary website . In order to survive in competitive environment, hotel companies are increasingly adopt on having an electronic distribution partner which know as online travel agencies . According to Sullivan (2005) report analysis, internet users are increasingly using search engine to get information. Besides that, demand towards usage of search engine from different websites are increase as well . No matters from organization perspective or consumer perspective, developing a hotel website has become a trend or a must in order to optimize organization revenue and fulfill customer demands . 2.4 Independent Variables 2.4.1 Ambient conditions Under servicescapes framework, ambient condition is one of the environmental dimension, it also known as one of the factor that affect human perception and respond towards environment . According to Bitner (1992), human five senses are mostly affected by ambient conditions which include background characteristic such as room temperature, lighting, noise, music, and scent. Sensory stimulation are greatly influence environments, enhance customer experience and change the nature behavior beyond human conscious . In e-servicescapes, ambient conditions influence customer perception by the website service environment . Background characteristic of website such as color, quality photos, virtual tour, music and animation effects are affecting people perceived towards the website . One of the characteristic of ambient conditions, music has be tested in research study on the role of cognition and emotions in the music approach and avoidance behavior relationship . It is found that the service quality of the organization is rated according to the preference of music . Organization which is often playing customer preferable music are offer with higher rating . Hence, a suitable music applies on hotel website might leads to intention to use the website. Rather than that, customers also use to perceive certain subject base on appearance . Website design are important in acting as website appearance . The clarity and readability of text and size of fonts use to be important for appropriate visual presentation on website . A relevant research has shown that customer perceived company or personnel base on appearance . This result shows that people are use to have a lousy perception with not appropriate appearance . By applying the result in H.Dean (2010) study, it is o bvious that quality photo and colors are playing an important role in hotel website to represent hotel image as well for the first good impression to have customers intention for further browse hotel website. Animation or virtual tour is effective in presenting information towards people . Byrne et al. (1999) state that use of picture and animations are commonly accepted. Animations appears better in presenting information . A research on dyslexia people on educating with animation has shoes that animation did a better job in presenting information . All the research above has one common which is the animation, high quality picture and website design are effective in presenting information. In short, all the background characteristic of ambient conditions is important in create intention of user to use hotel website. 2.4.2 Design Aspect Service environment are purposeful environments because it fulfill consumer needs through employee actions . Base on what have study by Bitner (1992), spatial layout are refers to the arrangement, size and shape of item such as machinery, equipment and furnishings. Functionality are the ability of the item to perform and accomplish goal . Design aspect of website is view as overall structure of the ages, layout, space and the navigational functions . Poorly design website are not able to hold customer intention to surf on it . It had been claims that website design is directly influence in turning a web browser to customer . Web users attention is hardly to get to hold on a webpage in longer time. In order to grab web users attention for longer period, it is suggested that home page should be relatively simple, clean and clear content, and hit to the point since users are not sure whether they are at the right website to obtain the information they wanted . Information overload in one page will lead to delay in viewing a home page and leads to dissatisfaction of web users . However, too little information or too simple in a web page might not able to include important content of the website . Therefore, website designer feels that it is important to be balance in website layout distribution and have to be self content in over all structure . Sum, design aspect of website in terms of layout and space usage is important in holding web users attention. 2.4.3 Search aids and Slogans According to Bitner (1992) research, sign, symbols, and artifacts are serving as explicit and implicit signal to communicate with users. They can also as labels for directional purposes and to communicate with the rule of behavior . Signage helps in playing an important part in communicating firm image to customer . For example, a well known hotel are usually been recognize by the customer with company logo or symbol. Under servicescapes perspective, these symbol and artifacts can be use to create awareness in customer mind . In online perspective, some of the features of Bitner (1992) are useful in creating awareness in company website, such as company logo and slogans. Geissler (2001) research is supporting Bitner (1992) that symbol and logo of the company manage to create customer awareness. However, due to the absence of physical environment in e-servicescape, keywords or slogan use in search aids are replace the function of signage to help customer to locate hotel website . In search engine, meta-tag are been use to help in locate website by using pop up technique . Meta-tag are useful when come to indexing, search engines use meta-tag to locate information . A past research evaluated the effectiveness of meta-tag on the improvement of data retrieval on the World Wide Web and the results shows that the keyword meta-tag did improve information retrieval . Meta-tag are also have improved the rank of the selected articles among retrieved results of information . Base on Geissler (2001) research study, it is believed that using keywords in search aids is speeding up customer in locate relevant website. Besides using keywords, catchy phrases will draw internet browsers attention on websites as well rather than using plain text . Keywords are use to locate website easily by using search engines and meta-tag. Therefore, search aids and slogan are important in hotel website in the purpose of explored itself widely in the internet for being easily located by customer. Awareness created by implementing search aids and slogan dimension will be able to grab customer intention in using website. 2.4.4 Functional Dimension The functional aspect of a website will affect customer perception towards website and intention on browsing it . Website is been recognize as a convenient, low cost and easy accessible by every medium . Accessibility 2.3.1 Intention to use website

Jellyfish Venom :: Jellyfish Marine Life Essays

Jellyfish Venom Almost anyone who has ever spent time near or in an ocean has been warned about being stung by jellyfish. Jellyfish have been ascribed a reputation as dangerous, often lethal animals. The exact actions of jellyfish toxins are not well understood, and the true danger presented by jellyfish is often exaggerated. This paper will attempt to answer several questions about jellyfish and venom. It will discuss what toxins make up jellyfish venom and the method in which these toxins are delivered. The effects of jellyfish venom on the human body will be discussed, including the possible action of these toxins at a cellular level. Finally, first aid and treatments for jellyfish envenomations will be described. Background The marine creatures commonly known as jellyfish are members of the phylum Cnidaria. Of the four classes of cnidarians, jellyfish come from both the Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa classes. Most jellyfish are schphozoids, while the Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis) is a hydroid. As cnidarians, jellyfish possess two tissue types: endoderm and ectoderm, in addition to a single cell layer of jelly-like mesoglea between the endoderm and the ectoderm (Russell 21). Jellyfish exhibit radial symmetry and have tentacles with stinging cells known as cnidocytes. They range in size from a few millimeters up to a bell size of two meters across, with tentacles up to thirty-six meters long. Typically less than five percent of a jellyfish’s body is "solid organic material" (Halstead, Poisonous 96-97). Jellyfish have reproductive cycles that involve a sessile polyp and a free-living medusa state. The polyp is asexual, while the medusa is sexual (Williamson et al. 121). P. physalis actually consist of colonies of many small organisms. A single Man-of-War contains both polyp and medusal stage organisms, with several different types of polyps and medusae in a colony (Halstead, Poisonous 94-95) Jellyfish populations exhibit seasonality in their choice of habitats. Most jellyfish prefer temperate and warm water. P. physalis prefer open waters and move with the wind, tide, and currents. Scyphozoas are found in all seas of the world. These jellyfish prefer shallow water such as bays and estuaries but also inhabit open ocean (Halstead, Poisonous 94-97). They usually live in the warm or temperate waters favored by coral (Halstead, Poisonous 115). Jellyfish are most abundant in coastal areas during warm summer months, but are present along the shore at other times of year (Halstead, Poisonous 97). Likewise, in Australia, the largest numbers of jellyfish are found along shores during the summer months of November through April, with peak numbers occurring in December.

GUIDE TO HYPNOSIS :: essays papers

GUIDE TO HYPNOSIS HOW TO GUIDE SOMEONE INTO HYPNOSIS: NOTE THAT I SAID GUIDE, YOU CAN NEVER, HYNOTISE SOMEONE, THEY MUST BE WILLING. OK, THE SUBJECT MUST BE LYING OR SITTING IN A COMFORTABLE POSITION, RELAXED, AND AT A TIME WHEN THINGS ARENT GOING TO BE INTERRUPTED. TELL THEM THE FOLLOWING OR SOMETHING CLOSE TO IT, IN A PEACEFUL, MONOTINOUS TONE (NOT A COMMANDING TONE OF VOICE) NOTE: LIGHT A CANDLE AND PLACE IT SOMEWHERE WHERE IT CAN BE EASILY SEEN. TAKE A DEEP BREATH THROUGH YOUR NOSE AND HOLD IT IN FOR A COUNT OF 8. NOW, THROUGH YOUR MOUTH, EXHALE COMPLETELY AND SLOWLY. CONTINUED BREATHING LONG, DEEP, BREATHS THROUGH YOUR NOSE AND EXHALING THROUGH YOUR MOUTH. TENSE UP ALL YOUR MUSCLES VERY TIGHT, NOW, COUNTING FROM TEN TO ONE, RELEASE THEM SLOWLY, YOU WILL FIND THEM VERY RELAXED. NOW, LOOK AT THE CANDLE, AS YOU LOOK AT IT, WITH EVERY BREATH AND PASSING MOMEMENT, YOU ARE FEELING INCREASINGLY MORE AND MORE PEACEFUL AND RELAXED. THE CANDLES FLAME IS PEACEFUL AND BRIGHT. AS YOU LOOK AT IT I WILL COUNT FROM 100 DOWN, AS A COUNT, YOUR EYES WILL BECOME MORE AND MORE RELAXED, GETTING MORE AND MORE TIRED WITH EACH PASSING MOMENT." NOW, COUNT DOWN FROM 100, ABOUT EVERY 10 NUMBERS SAY "WHEN I REACH XX YOUR EYES (OR YOU WILL FIND YOUR EYES) ARE BECOMING MORE AND MORE TIRED." TELL THEM THEY MAY CLOSE THEIR EYES WHENEVER THEY FEEL LIKE IT. IF THE PERSONS EYES ARE STILL OPEN WHEN YOU GET TO 50 THEN INSTEAD OF SAYING "YOUR EYES WILL.." SAY "YOUR EYES ARE...". WHEN THEIR EYES ARE SHUT SAY THE FOLLOWING. AS YOU LIE (OR SIT) HERE WITH YOUR EYES COMFORTABLY CLOSE YOU FIND YOURSELF RELAXING MORE AND MORE WITH EACH MOMENT AND BREATH. THE RELAXATION FEELS PLEASANT AND BLISSFUL SO, YOU HAPPILY GIVE WAY TO THIS WONDERFUL FEELING. IMAGINGE YOURSELF ON A CLOUD, RESTING PEACEFULLY, WITH A SLIGHT BREEZE CARESSING YOUR BODY. A TINGLING SENSASION BEGINS TO WORK ITS WAY, WITHIN AND WITHOUT YOUR TOES, IT SLOWLY MOVES UP YOUR FEET, MAKING THEM WARM, HEAVY AND RELAXED. THE CLOUD IS SOFT AND SUPPORTS YOUR BODY WITH ITS SOFT TEXTURE, THE SCENE IS PEACEFUL AND ABSORBING, THE PEACEFULNESS ABSORBS YOU COMPLETELY... THE TINGLING GENTLY AND SLOWLY MOVES UP YOUR LEGS, RELAXING THEM. MAKING THEM WARM AND HEAVY. THE RELAXATION FEELS VERY GOOD, IT FEELS SO GOOD TO RELAX AND LET GO. AS THE TINGLING CONTINUES ITS JOURNEY UP INTO YOUR SOLAR PLEXUS, YOU FEEL YOUR INNER STOMACH BECOME VERY RELAXED.

Chapter 1 Lecture Notes

ECON 1023 Fall 2011 Instructor: Gibson Nene Chapter 1 Lecture Notes: Limits, Alternatives and Choices The economic perspective or economic way of thinking takes the following concepts into consideration: * Scarcity and Choice * Purposeful Behavior * Marginalism: Benefits and Costs Scarcity and Choice Economics is about wants and means: * Society has the resources to make goods and services that satisfy our many desires. * However, our economic wants far exceed the productive capacity of our limited resources – our resources are scarce. Scarcity Definition: means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people want In other words economic resources are scarce and wants are infinite. What is the meaning of scarcity from the consumers’ perspective? * Scarcity refers to limitations in consumption of the goods that are available because of limited income * Consumers have an income constraint. Because resources are scarce when we choose to produce something we simultaneously make the choice to forgo producing something else. * When a good is produced, the resources employed can no longer be used to make another good. We must decide what we will have and what we must forgo. Such sacrifices are referred to as opportunity costs. Opportunity cost Dfn: The value of the good, service or time forgone to obtain something else. When you choose to go to college, you forgo some potential income earnings. So Economics studies the choices made by individuals and societies to utilize sca rce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. Purposeful behavior We make decisions to achieve desired outcomes * We are not always perfect in our choices Human behavior is assumed to reflect rational self-interest Economics assumes that individuals seek to increase or maximize their utility: pleasure, happiness or satisfaction * As consumers we assume you are purposeful in deciding what goods and services to buy. * You want to get the best out of their choices * Business firms are purposeful in deciding what products to produce and how. * Governmental entities are purposeful in deciding what services to provide and how to finance them. * In an nutshell, society seeks to get the best out of every choice. Does rational self-interest mean that individuals are selfish? It turns out that a lot of people help society through charitable donations, expertise without expecting you to pay for the service. Marginalism: Benefits and Costs What is the meaning of Marginal in economics? Marginal means extra, additional a change in. A change from the staus quo. e. g. should I study an extra hour for the exam? Should I buy an extra pair of shoes? Every decision involves marginal benefits (MB) and because of scarce resources, marginal costs (MC). Which choice would make you better off? MB=MC, MB>MC, MB Theories > Laws and principles > Models Economic principles are statements about economic behavior that enable prediction of the probable effects of certain actions. * They serve as tools for ascertaining cause and effect (or action and outcome) within the economic system: * â€Å"Purposeful simplifications† – simplify complex reality * Generalizations – make statements about typical or average consumers, workers, or business firms * Ceteris p aribus (Other things equal) – all variables except those under consideration are held constant * Graphical expression – many models are expressed graphically Microeconomics versus macroeconomics Microeconomics studies individual decision-making units, such as a consumer, a worker, or a business firm. Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole or it aggregates. The economic problem Individual’s economic problem The economic problem faced by individuals can be summarized using a budget line What is a budget line? Suppose you received a $120 Barnes and noble gift card as a birthday present. The card expires soon, so you want to use everything on the card on books and DVDs. Your Budget here is $120 Two goods, DVDs Price $20 and Books Price $10 First step in constructing a budget line. Construct a table showing the alternative combinations of the two products that are available. Graphing the budget line What do we learn from the budget line? Trade-offs and Opportunity costs Implications of a straight-line budget constraint Choice Limited income forces people to choose what to buy and what to forgo to fulfill wants. What happens to the budget line when your income changes? A reduction or decrease in income: Suppose the gift card has $60 on it and prices do not change. You still want to buy the same two goods, DVDs Price $20 and Books Price $10. The budget line associated with a reduction in income. An Increase in income: Suppose the gift card has $240 on it while prices of DVDs and books remain the same The budget line associated with income increase Society’s economic problem * Economic resources are scarce * What are economic resources? The production possibility model * Assumptions Production possibilities table Lists the different combinations of two products that can be produced with a specific set of resources, assuming full employment. Assume a simple economy producing only Pizza and manufacturing equipment. Type of Production| Production Alternatives| | | | | | | | A| B| C| D| E| | | | | | | Pizza(hundred 000s)Manufacturing equipment ( thousands)| 010| 19| 27| 34| 40| | | | | | | Production possibilities curve The law of increasing opportunity costs A movement from point A to point B: Movement from point B to point C Movement from point C to point D Movement from point D to point E The shape of the curve PPF Example 2 Below is a production possibilities table for consumer goods (automobiles) and capital goods (forklifts): Type of Production| Production Alternatives| | | | | | | | A| B| C| D| E| | | | | | | AutomobilesForklifts| 030| 227| 421| 612| 80| | | | | | | | | | | | | The PPF If the economy is at point C, what is the cost of one more automobile? Of one more forklift? Explain how the production possibilities curve reflects the law of increasing opportunity costs. If the economy characterized by this production possibilities table and curve were producing 3 automobiles and 20 forklifts, what could you conclude about its use of its available resources? What would production at a point outside the production possibilities curve indicate? What must occur before the economy can attain such a level of production? Suppose improvement occurs in the technology of producing forklifts but not in the technology of producing automobiles. Now assume that a technological advance occurs in producing automobiles but not in producing forklifts. Now draw a production possibilities curve that reflects technological improvement in the production of both goods. Optimal allocation of resources Marginal benefit curve The marginal cost curve The intersection of the two MB=MC MB>MC MC>MB PPFs and Unemployment, Growth, and the future Unemployment or underutilization of resources Economic growth Present choices and future possibilities Investment in future goods such as capital goods, research, education, and medicine, promotes economic growth. An economy that invests more in these future goods versus one that invests in current goods. Presentville: more consumption today and less production of future goods Futureville: less consumption today and more production of future goods. Futureville will have a greater production capacity in the future and greater consumption in the future when compared to the one that favors present goods. Which economy made a better choice here?

Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration Essay

Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. The cost of unethical behavior will be the downfall of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true understanding of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system continue to flourish. While the ethical standard individuals develop through the years are important; utilizing critical thinking skills ensuring ethical standards stay in place. Many people assume that good ethical behavior is part of an individual’s makeup but in reality ethical behavior is learned and therefore not the same for everyone. Ethical and moral behavior begins developing from the time individuals are young and continues to develop and change during adulthood. It is important to understand that the initial ethical values a person gains usually come from the home environment and are highly influenced by the ethical behavior displayed by parents and family members. Should this life be impacted by crime and violence then this behavior could become the norm and this individual’s ethical values and standards would be outside of the societal norm. As individuals grow into adults life experiences continue to impact ethical and moral standards. Many people live by the assumption that while something may be unethical it is not illegal so no one cares but right and wrong do not always deal in legalities. Just because something is not illegal does not make it right. In the administration of criminal justice ethical considerations are the basis for the use of discretion, force, and due process required to make sound moral decisions. The study ethics helps understand the consequences of actions and the moral principles used. In the administration of criminal justice ethics must be a permanent part of management and policy making related to punishment. Ethics are also a vital part of decision making in regards to rehabilitation, deterrence, and sentencing. Individuals working in the field of criminal justice maintain authority over other individuals lives (Banks,  2004). This power must not be taken lightly. These individuals must be aware of the power of the position and the ethical standards required when carrying out those duties. So how can the system ensure that individuals maintain ethical standards? Training is the answer to ensuring ethical standards. Most individuals are receptive to training and understand the necessity of maintaining ethical standards. The cost of legal fees, litigation and damages from claims of ethical violations could cost millions and it seems simpler to maintain training for staff than pay millions if claims. A recent increase in claims against officers for unethical behavior only substantiates this ideal even more (Eastvedt, 2008). It is important for professionals in the criminal justice field to understand the ethical framework where individuals gain their approach for decision making. The first concept is idealism where it is believed the desired outcome may be obtained through using the appropriate action. The issue for these individuals is choosing the correction action in a given situation. The second concept is relativism. This concept is derived from the ideal that while the desired outcome is preferred, everything is relative to circumstance and therefore undesirable outcomes are inevitable no matter the action taken. There are four approaches to ethical decision making and knowing these will help to identity the orientations of those whom you employ. Situationists believe that everything is relative and base the actions taken on the assessment of the situation. These individuals choose not to acknowledge the universal moral code or rules followed by society. Subjectivist also believe in the relative and reject societal codes however these individuals maintain personal moral principles used when assessing situations. Absolutists follow idealism believing that the best outcome is attained by following the universal moral principles. Exceptionists follow the same belief as absolutists with the slight difference. They believe that certain situations allow deviation from these beliefs (Bailey, 2009). Another important training module is critical thinking. Critical thinking helps individual’s reason right from wrong to ensure good decision making skills. Critical thinking helps individuals make objective decisions when analyzing information. At the core of critical thinking are cognitive skills and affective dispositions. Cognitive skills are used during interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Affective  dispositions require and individual to be inquisitive, maintain a concern for being well-informed, know when to employ critical thinking, be aware of one’s own bias, and willingness to reconsider or revise when needed. Making an ethical decision does not occur instantly. Individuals usually have time to consider the action and any alternatives. This is where crimtial thinking plays an intricate part. Critical thinking allow the individual to consider what to believe or what action to take (Meisel & Fearon, 2006). The Williams Institute and the APPA are working together to introduce the compliance based model and responsibility based model into ethics training. The Williams Institute maintains a belief that ethical responsibility is not based on rules and codes rather relationships and responsibility for ones actions. By giving people the tools to make the right decisions, TWI believes that individuals will make the right decision. The first step is to remove fear from the decision making process and enable individuals to be responsible for the decision made (The Williams Institute, 2001). Ethics training for individuals in the field of criminal justice requires an understanding of individuals within the field and the roles held. Individual within this field are analyzed and judged on the decisions made whether ethical or unethical. Discretion is required of all individuals in all areas within the system. Understanding of the discretionary roles of each person is vital to understanding how unethical issues can occur. Legislators have the power to define what is considered illegal and punishable under the law. Police officers have a great amount of discretion during decision making on arrests, citations and investigations. Prosecutors often face the least amount of scrutiny based on the faith placed on them upholding the law. Prosecutors maintain discretion when filing charges, downgrading charges, influencing officers, and the death penalty. Judges maintain discretion over plea bargains, sentencing, reviewing the law, and rules of evidence. Individuals working in corrections have discretion over probation, determining appropriate behavior, supervision of inmates and parole. Each of these individuals has a responsibility for enforcing the law and protecting the rights of the constitution. Training for these individuals should include analytical skills and reasoning, and the ability to recognize the consequences of actions. The five goals that should be attained once the ethical training is completed are being aware and open to ethical issues,  become personally responsible, develop critical thinking skills, understanding how the system often encourages coercion, and the exploring individual feelings (Drylie, J.). Individuals must learn to uphold the rights and liberties of the suspect, the interests of the community, and the law (Albanese, 2006). Ethics in the administration of criminal justice go hand in hand. Individuals who work in the field of criminal justice must maintain ethical integrity to ensure the law functions as designed. As individuals grow and take their place in the world the ethical and moral values from childhood change based on life experiences. Knowing the ethical framework that people use to define their ethical outlook helps administrators develop a plan of action for working with these individuals. By providing training and education to individuals within the criminal justice field society can ensure those values are maintained within the system. References Albanese, J., 2006, Professional Ethics in Criminal Justice: Being Ethical When No One is Looking, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Professional+Ethics+in+Criminal+Justice%3A+Being+Ethical+When+No+One+is†¦-a0158093018†³>Professional Ethics in Criminal Justice: Being Ethical When No One is Looking. Strahlendorf, P., Professional Ethics, Ryerson University, School of Occupational and Public Health, Session No. 174, Retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.bcsp.org/pdf/PresentationsArticles/714_1.pdf Banks, 2004, the Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/4031_Banks_Chapter_1_Proof.pdf Drylie, J., Ethics in Criminal Justice, Week 1, CJ3750, Kean University, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.kean.edu/~jdrylie/docs/Microsoft%20PowerPoint%20-%20Ethics%20Week%201.pdf Eastvedt, Steven R., 2008, Criminal justice ethics- a view from the top, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.correctio ns.com/news/article/20030 Meisel, S. I., & Fearon, D. S. (2006). â€Å"Choose the future wisely†: Supporting better ethics through critical thinking. Journal of Management Education, 30(1), 149-176. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/195719245?accountid=35812

Aztecs Incas and Spanish Empires

During the creation of the Spanish empire, very many native tribes were destroyed.   They destroyed the people alongside their culture and in the case of the Incas and the Aztecs tried to eliminate every trace of these people because they were pagans.The first attraction they had to these peoples lives were the treasure that they possessed.   The Spaniards lusted after these treasures and this led them to conquer various groups of people so that they may own what they had.   All these people were civilized when the Spaniards met them but were non -Christians.   The Spaniards greed and their devotion to Christianity let the led them to wipe out any trace of those civilizations and especially that of the Incas who were completely annihilated but some Aztecs are still around the maintain their culture.The Aztec civilization started off as far back as the 12th and 13th century AD.   They migrated to the valley of Mexico around this time under the leadership of their chief named Tenoch.   Their god was Huitzilopochtli and he was the one who instructed the chief to lead to Aztec people to the valley of Mexico. They were to go Lake Texcoco and inhabit an island that was to be found there.They were to build a city there and name it Tenochtitlan also as to hour their and they did this.   This city later became their capital city once they formed an empire.   The valley of Mexico therefore became the centre of their civilization since the capital city was based there.Once they established the city, they were supposed to provide gifts to their god in form of human sacrifices. By the time they arrived in the swampy areas, they were destitute who were hired, poor and with no wealth or means to survival.To make matters worse, they inhabited a swamp in a lake that was seen by others to be a waste that would not produce anything.   Due to the hardships that they faced, they were forced to use all means to get nutrition for themselves.   This meant they stol e food from their neighbours used snakes and vermin for their meals and this did not in any way endear them to their neighbors.This intense dislike by their neighbours was compounded by their practice of offering human sacrifices to their god Huitzilopochtli.   They were therefore segregated and no one wanted to be associated with them.   With so many odds against them and with no help, they had to come up with a way of improving their lives.They built mud and batch houses in the swamp supported by strong poles.   They then transformed the uninhabitable land into a fertile productive land that provided them with more than enough through their mode of agriculture called chinampas. The city of Tenochtitlan grew and by using skilled craftsmen and common laborers, it expanded more.There was need to gain respect from the neighbours and therefore in 1376, Acamapichli was made emperor because he was related to the last rulers of Culhuacan and also the Quetzalcoatl who was a great Tol tec ruler.   In the 15th century, the tribe grew into a strong and disciplined military force and they formed the Triple Alliance with Texcoco and the Tacuba.They conquered around 38 provinces which paid taxes to Tenochtitlan by the time the empire ended in 1520.   The Spaniards were able to conquer them easily because some of the boarder provinces maintained their independence.Montezuma who was the ruler, than thought that Cortez the Spanish captain was a god returning.   He therefore offered golden presents which ignited Cortez’s lust for wealth.   The Aztecan priests tried to worn Montezuma but he did not heed their warning. The Spaniards conquered the Aztecs and wiped out traces of their existence and civilization because they were Catholics.   However, some survived and have maintained their culture up to date.In 1527, Bartolome Ruiz on board his ship met a raft filled with expensive ornaments and textiles and realized need to establish contact with those who o wned the treasure.   He left 3 men to become translators.   Francisco Pizarro was the leader of the group.   He and his men spent the winter in an uninhabited island and many died before spring.   From here they met therapist Inca city Tumbes where they found out that, these people were very wealthy and highly civilized.   Francisco then managed to convince the royal court in 15 months, the need to conquer the Incas and his idea was supported by Cortez, the â€Å"conquer† of the Aztecs.Francisco and his men left Spain in January 1530 and marched his men along the Ecuador coast which was full of hardships and tightened their journey. While in the northern part of Peru, they established san Miguel which is near Piura.   In September 1532, they attacked the Inca and were lucky to have some events precipitate their attack.Although their number was little, they found divisions caused by civil war by factions aligning themselves to either of two sons of the dead ruler.à ‚   Atahualpa who ruled the northern half of empire won but the Cuzco the capital city supported the other brother.   Since the Spaniards entered Inca from the north, they first met Atahualpa in his territory.Atahualpa was attracted by the Spaniards horses and did not consider them to be any threat. He was invited by Pizarro to pay him a visit where he was based in Cajamarca. Atahualpa went on this visit with the intention of capturing the Spaniards but Pizarro had the same intention concerning him. It is in this place that the Indians were massacred.Pizarro’s priest met them and explained the Christian doctrines to Atahualpa who did not heed them and instead threw the priests prayer book on to the ground. The priest was infuriated and it was on this pretext that the Spaniards attacked the Indians. They made it seem as if this was the reason but it had been an ambush that was clearly planned.On this day, thousands of Indians died yet none of the Spaniards was hurt apart fro m a cut on Pizarro’s hand.   He intended to use Atahualpa to rule the Incas just as Cortes had done with the Aztecs so he made sure he did not die. He instead held him prisoner and this led to the Incas proposal to pay ransom for his release.They offered to give a room full pf gold and this was to take them two months to do. This was to the advantage of Pizarro because he could now get additional troops from Spain. In March 1533, the artifacts from the temples started being melted down and this took around three months.During this time, Diego de Almago arrived with troops in April the Spaniards did not release Atahualpa and instead charged him with treason in July the same year and was sentenced to die by being burned alive. Before his death, they managed to convert him to a Christian and his sentence was ‘reduced’ to die by garrote.Through the destruction of artifacts and the killing of the rulers, the Spaniards ensured that the Incas of Peru were completely f orgotten by the rest of society. They had nothing to show for the great civilization that they had been. Their empire was destroyed completely and up to date there is little to show for their existence.Reference1. History of the Incas a Glimpse of Inca Treasure: AD 1527-1532 24TH September 2007

Legalization of Marijuana for Recreational Use

Hewlett-Packard| Legalization of Marijuana for Recreational Use| Introduction to Ethics: Theory and Application| | HP| Assignment # 4 | Nichole Hysel| Legalization of Marijuana for Recreational Use On a cold January afternoon in a small community, a police officer is called to a residence for suspected domestic issue. As he arrives, he can hear shouting coming from the house. He knocks on the door and a boy of about five years old, who is dressed in nothing but shorts, comes to the door. He stands with the door open, a slice of bread in his dirty hand, smiling at the officer. He has seen the officer at the home a few times in the past.The child has also been over to the officer’s house to play with his children. The officer’s wife and the boy’s mother work together at the local grocery store and the boy’s father looks after him while his mother is at work. After the officer talks to the parents about their issues, which always seem to be basic domestic iss ues, he heads for the door. The boy follows him, hugs his leg, looks up and says, â€Å"Can I come with you? † The officer responds, â€Å"Sorry buddy, not today. † Two weeks later, on a bitter cold afternoon, the mother comes home from work to discover the child is gone.The same police officer searches along with the majority of the community. The boy is found an hour later on a rural country road. He is taken to the emergency room and treated for hypothermia. He is then taken in by Child Protective Services. The father is charged with possession of marijuana, his 2nd offense, along with intent to deliver. The mother has had enough and has turned the father in for growing a few plants in the basement and selling it to his buddies. After 7 days, the child is returned to his mother. He had been under the care of the police officer and his wife.Marijuana is the most widely used, illegal drug in the world. â€Å"It is estimated that 119 million to 224 million people used cannabis in 2011,† reports, Glenn D. Braunstein, M. D. and Vice President of clinical innovation at Cedars Sinai Hospital. Marijuana is considered a depressant, stimulant and hallucinogen. It has recently been legalized, as a recreational drug in two out of 50 states, Colorado and Washington. In these states, those who are 21 and older can possess up to an ounce of marijuana, it will be sold and taxed in state-licensed stores, much the same way alcohol is sold.In the state of Colorado, cultivation of up to six marijuana plants per person is allowed. Both states prohibit public use. Is it morally acceptable for marijuana to be legalized as a recreational drug? After exploring my own experiences, the possible pros and cons of legalization, and the social contract, utilitarian, and the ethics of care theories, I do not think it is morally acceptable. My personal opinion about the legalization of marijuana is that it should not be legal. While I have seen both negative and positi ve effects of marijuana use, it has affected me and my family in a negative way.I am aware that it can be used recreationally and have no affects. I also know that it can be addictive and have negative effects, both physically and mentally, when used on a regular basis. It is my personal opinion that the negative effects associated with marijuana outweigh the positives. I believe that if something has the potential to do harm to those who chose not to partake, it shouldn’t be legalized. I don’t believe that we should take the stand that because it is less harmful than alcohol, it should be legal.I believe that marijuana is dangerous, especially to today’s youth who use marijuana without considering the consequences. It is my fear that legalization could send the message to youth that it is acceptable to use marijuana as a coping mechanism. I do not want my children to be tempted to use a drug as a crutch, to relax or temporarily solve their problems. There are s everal reasonable arguments for legalization of marijuana. They are based on the idea that attempting to control its use causes more problems than it solves. The argument seems to be, that it isn’t going away so we may as well benefit from it.It is projected that by legalizing marijuana we could reduce the strain on our justice system, drastically cutting crime and possibly eliminating drug trafficking of marijuana. The production and sales of marijuana, by the government would save lives, create jobs and generate money that could be used for social progression, education, and healthcare which would in turn better the lives of everyone in society. Laws against use for those under 21 will prevent youth from obtaining the drug. I feel that benefitting from anything that is already illegal and proven to be a problem is immoral.Since we cannot guarantee that society will benefit from legalizing marijuana, it should not be legal. Age restrictions do not prevent youth from obtainin g alcohol; therefor I do not believe age restrictions on pot will deter them either. It is important that we use what we know about alcohol abuse as a whole, rather than use it as an excuse, due to the fact that it is perceived as more harmful, to legalize marijuana. Other arguments for legalization are based on free will and respect for autonomy. The belief is that, we all have the right to make choices for ourselves, using our own rational thought.If we are the only person who knows our needs, we can be the only person that can decide what is best for us. Marijuana users take the stand that,† If we are in our own homes, using marijuana, who are we harming? † I respect an individual’s right to choose as rational beings, unfortunately, not everyone is rational. Laws are put in place to protect us and benefit us as a society. Children suffer when parents use drugs in their presence. When children are under the care of a parent who is under the influence of a drug, their safety is sometimes being compromised.A few examples could be, a parent choosing to use money to buy marijuana instead of food or clothing, an inability to drive in an emergency situation and lack of focus and reasoning. I am not saying that pot use automatically makes a parent neglectful. I know several daily users who seem to be acceptable parents, even while under the influence. Yet I ask myself, could they be better parents? When a parent uses marijuana or any drug, legal or not, in the presence of their children, it sends the message that it is ok. Legalizing the drug will cause more parents to use in front of their children.I believe this will cause more children to use. Arguments against the legalization of marijuana tend to weigh heavily on the slippery slope argument, that any softening of the laws as they pertain to drugs will cause a bigger problem. It is anticipated by The Office of National Drug Control Policy that legalizing marijuana will increase use of the dru g and, consequently, the harm it causes, thus adding to the burden on the criminal justice system. They also report that legalizing the drug will make it less expensive and more attainable to youth.Because it is illegal in most countries, we have far less clinical evidence about pot’s effects than many other drugs. The only authorized source of marijuana research comes from the University of Mississippi and is controlled by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, they report that use of marijuana impairs memory in regular users, especially in youth. It impairs driving, inhibits productivity, causes depression, and can be addictive. It is also thought that those predisposed to addiction, will have an easier time obtaining and using the drug as a possible gateway drug.These are problems we face while it is not legal, if legalization will increase usage, these will become a more widespread problem. Utilitarianism states that we ought to choose the action which is the one that maxi mizes the overall â€Å"good† of the greatest number of individuals. The problem of drug use, from the utilitarian perspective, rests on the consequences of using the drug and whether or not it will benefit the majority of the population, now and in the future. In order for us to say that it is morally bad, we need to prove that the consequences in legalizing marijuana will be bad.The problem is, we cannot definitively say what the consequences will be. But, we can use what we learn from other areas that have or are in the process of regulating pot for recreational use. Studies done by the Drug Free America Foundation, report that based on experiences where marijuana has been legalized, the number of marijuana users tend to double or triple. This could mean an additional 17 to 34 million young and adult users in the United States. Recently, Here and Now, a talk show on local public radio in Colorado, had guest Dr. Christian Thurston, medical director for an adolescence substa nce abuse treatment program in Denver.He stated, â€Å"Young patients seeking addiction treatment for marijuana tell me that pot helps them with their anger, ADHD and that it helps them to sleep. † Thurston also said, â€Å"While marijuana can have medicinal value for adults, it can be very harmful to teens. † He also states that, â€Å"We’ve seen, starting in the late 1980s, that adolescents exposed to marijuana have about a two to four-fold increase of developing psychosis. We have good evidence now that adolescence exposure to marijuana affects intelligence, cognition, learning and memory. † Jann Gumbiner, Ph. D. licensed psychologist at the University of California, Irvine College of Medicine, who specializes in adolescent and child psychology reports, â€Å"About 10% of users will develop problems that impair their work and relationships. Many more will come to depend on pot for relaxation and social purposes. This will be problematic if they donâ⠂¬â„¢t learn more effective coping mechanisms and come to rely on marijuana instead of solving their problems. † It is my fear that legalization could send the message to youth that it is acceptable to use marijuana as a coping mechanism.Since we know teens are likely to suffer long term affects, and that legalization will cause more teens to use the drug, we are likely to see serious negative effects that could greatly impact society in the future. Social Contract theory also plays a big role in legalization of marijuana. Social Contract theory is based on the set of rules governing behavior that all rational people accept, on the condition that others accept the rules as well. What the majority of society feels and believes plays a very big role in our lawmaking process. Lawmakers tend to go with what their constituents want, in order to get votes.In the past society has placed a negative stigma on marijuana use, making it hard for those rallying for legalization to be heard . Recent statistics show society’s view on marijuana is changing. A Gallop Poll recently found that 50% of Americans think marijuana should be legal for adult use. This percentage is up by 4% from the previous year. This is in large part due to the fact that our younger generation is more supportive, while opposition generally comes from the older generation. It makes sense that as the older generation leaves, the younger generation’s opinion will be the majority.As popular opinion changes, it makes sense that we will be likely to see more states attempt to legalize marijuana. It is troublesome to me that information about marijuana is usually either directly for or against the drug. Internet articles are almost always directly for or against legalization. It is very hard to get unbiased facts. It is my concern that people, especially impressionable youth, aren’t getting the facts and are using how they feel as a basis for their opinion on marijuana. These youth , will soon decide what laws will govern society. The minimum conception of morality says we ought to at he very least, do what are the best reasons for doing while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual affected by our decision. I do not believe we should make something that is illegal, legal based on the idea that we might be able to control it even possibly benefit from it. We cannot say what the consequences will be. This is the major defect of the utilitarian theory of ethics. It does not take in to consideration that often times we cannot project the outcome of moral decisions. We cannot guarantee that the majority of society will benefit from legalization of recreational marijuana.There are too many questions involved. Could it make dealers even more competitive? Are there unforeseen costs that will take away from the suspected benefits? Will current dealers stop growing and selling? What will the effect on society be, given that legalization will most likely cause usage to greatly increase? If we don’t know the answers to such serious issues, we shouldn’t act. It is important that we use past experiences as examples. It is proven that history can be a valuable tool when attempting to predict an outcome of a hypothetical act.It is my hope that we learn what is best, by using what we learn from the areas that have legalized pot. I am aware that my personal perspective has a lot to do with having children and my sense to protect them from all things negative, taking the ethics of care position. Carol Gilligan, internationally acclaimed writer, psychologist, American feminist and ethicist, believes a woman’s basic moral orientation is one of caring, in a personal way, not just being concerned for humanity, in general. She believes that an ethic of caring for those close to you should not be inferior to that of an ethic of principle.I tend to agree; if we want for everyone, what we want for those we love and care for wo n’t the world be a better place? In summary I believe, based on what we do not know about the effects of legalizing marijuana, we should not legalize it. To say the problem isn’t going way so we may as well legalize it and benefit, is irresponsible. There is a trend showing increased usage with legalization. We aren’t able to predict the affect that increased usage will have on society. If we are to use alcohol as a guide at all, it should be as an example of what legalizing harmful substances can do to society.It is anticipated that legalizing marijuana will entice youth even more, causing future issues. While marijuana use will always be a problem in youth, I believe educating youth with factual information about marijuana will help them make better choices and allow us to have laws that will most benefit society in the future. As Walt Disney quoted, â€Å"Our greatest natural resource is the minds of our children†. Work Sited â€Å"187,000 Lb. of Mari juana Annually? Legal Pot Business to Bloom in Washington. †Ã‚  Business Money 187000 Lb of Marijuana Annually Legal Pot Business to Bloom in Washington Comments.N. p. , 08 Jan. 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Braunstein, M. D. , Glenn D. â€Å"Weeding Through Marijuana Facts and Fiction. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 01 Feb. 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Legalizing of Marijuana Raises Health Concerns. †Ã‚  Well Legalizing of Marijuana Raises Health Concerns Comments. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Marijuana: An Unbiased Analysis. †Ã‚  Marijuana: An Unbiased Analysis. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Medical Marijuana: The Government's View. †Ã‚  National Drug Prevention Alliance & PPP  » USA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Principles and Theories.   Principles and Theories. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Rachels, James, James Rachels, and Stuart Rachels. The Elements of Moral Philosophy: 7th Revised Editio n. London: Mcgraw Hill Higher Education, 2012. Print. Swanson, Emily. â€Å"Marijuana Legalization Poll Finds Americans Want Federal Government To Leave States Alone. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 07 Dec. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. Turner, Dan. â€Å"Marijuana Legalization: States Send Message, Feds Aren't Listening. †Ã‚  Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 13 Nov. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. The White House. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.

buy custom International Business Law Questions essay

buy custom International Business Law Questions essay According to the World Trade Organization, all nations are equal relating to business operations (Mo, 2003). Every nation has a right to import and export its products without any restrictions. The Shuzeiho law taxes all liquor depending on its type. The country has ten groups of liquors. The tax law in Japan has less strict regulation regarding some kinds of liquor while putting more pressure on other groups through tax regulation. In this regard, the law requires Shochu and its liquor group to pay smaller tax as compared to vodka and other imported liquors. In fact, vodka and its group is taxed seven to eight percent more than the other groups. This contributes to unfair conditions for the liquor to sell at the same prices. More importantly, it discourages importation of liquor that is manufactured outside the country while promoting the internally manufactured liquor. Being a member of the WTO Japan should be ready to comply with the existing laws to remove all trade barriers so t hat other nations can get access to the market and sell their goods at a relatively lower price. The WTO should give Japan a date to comply or place some sanctions on its business operations. This will trigger reactions from the countrys top governing institutions.The Tobacco act of 1986 prohibited imports of all types of tobacco except those from the Director-general of the Exercise Department. Several government monopolies tried to import cigarettes but then failed to fulfill the importation target. This has left a gap in cigarette importation to Malaysia causing great concerns about the import of cigarettes to the nation. Although the government does not allow importation of cigarettes, it is important to note that there are different means for dealing with the situation rather than providing licenses to people or groups who are unable to achieve importation targets. If the country fails to import cigarettes from other nations it will make the rest of the nations fail to import g oods from Malaysia due to the unfairness of importing cigarettes from the developed nations Import Duties: Classification, Valuation and Country of Origin Tottering would be able to import doll wigs from Argentina at an acceptable level of duty. First of all this is because no firm in the US is able to produce a wig manufactured from real hair. The management of Tottering will probably purchase from Argentina because purchasing the wigs from the local markets will imply that the company sells the dolls at prices above $99. This price is high and might scare away customers. The complete package from the domestic markets would cost over $100 considering the price of the doll and wigs. Importing wigs will also bring advantages to the company because it will be able to sell wigs separatelyfrom the dolls. The supplying firm in Argentina that Tottering has found produces high quality products. In addition, the inventor of wigs, who is US resident and an ex-employee of Tottering, has allowed Tottering to pay royalties to him instead of the firm in Argentina. This will ultimately lower the price of the imported wigs thus increasing profit marg ins. Antidumping Based on the information above, analyze whether WasherWear could prevail in a proceeding under the U.S. antidumping law, addressing the questions of both dumping and injury. WasherWear will not prevail against the Japanese manufactures under the US antidumping law because the Japanese manufacturers are not producing and marketing low standard goods to the US market. In fact, WasherWear has noted that the reason why the Japanese manufacturers are selling the products at lower prices in US compared to their domestic market is the lack of competitors in their country (Ziegel Lerner, 2009). What additional information, if any, should WasherWear seek out before initiating a proceeding? WasherWear should consider information such as whether Japanese manufacturers are getting subsidy for exporting the washing machines to other countries. This can be a cause for selling at lowered prices. What would be the implications if the Japanese were to move their manufacturing to Mexico or China? If Japanese manufacturers shifted their production facilities to Mexico or China, the prices of their products would decrease because the transportation costs including the shipping costs and inland transportation would become lower. WasherWear would probably drop their antidumping proceedings against the company. Subsidies and Countervailing Duties Yes, there is a sufficient basis for the US carbon black firms to raise the countervailing duty case against the two companies BC Corporation and the other Mexican exporter. This is because although the Mexican authorities allowed PEMEX to sell the feedstock at a subsidized price, it had not considered its effects to other producers of carbon black. Mexican authorities should have considered the injuries caused to other carbon black producers and the consequences that would follow should the US authorities enforce the safeguard agreement act (Griswold, 2008). This would be punitive to the carbon black producers in Mexico. Additional aspect that can be considered in the analysis of the issue is discrimination. There was some form of discrimination because although there were several other carbon black producers in Mexico, only two of the companies benefited from the subsidy. Safeguards WTO should determine whether imports were causing injury to the domestic producers before ruling the EU/US challenge to Brazils decision. The claim by the Brazilian authorities that foreign imports of footwear from EU was causing serious harm to the domestic producers is valid and permissible under the safeguard rules and stipulations. This is because imported footwear had saturated the Brazilian market forcing the domestic producers to incur losses in terms of lost revenue (Griswold, 2008). WTO, however, should verify whether the increased imports were specifically causing harm to the domestic producers or this harm was a result of other factors. If Brazilian authorities provided justification that the damage to the domestic market was a consequence of the imports, the WTO would enforce the Safeguards Agreement and hike the import duty to control the imports (Ziegel Lerner, 2009). Assembly Plant Tariff Treatment: NAFTA and SECTION 9802 Ford in this case should not receive the tariff allowance as it requested because the painting process in their assembly was not just a minor operation incidental to the assembly process but a major one. The painting process was a major process in the assembly that involved cleaning and spraying with protection chemicals composed of zinc phosphate compounds. They further submerged the metal sheet into an electrodeposition primer tank baked, sanded, treated with a sealant, and then baked again. This shows that the procedure is intensive and is valid under the Regulations Section 9802 (Griswold, 2008). The process for which Ford claims to receive an allowance is thus not valid because it fails to meet any of the requirements stipulated by the statute. Although the cost of the painting process is high, this does not warrant an allowance because it is a part of their assembly process. Export Controls Under the export control rules a firm should acquire the appropriate export for the intended product (Ziegel Lerner, 2009). John and Marissa would probably lose the trading opportunity should they proceed to acquire the appropriate export license to ship computers to HK Engineering in Hong Kong. However, they should proceed and acquire the license. Exporting the computers under the name of refrigerator parts for which they have a license would be a breach of the export control rules. In this case, it is not relevant for John and Marissa that HK Engineering would acquire the intended computers from a non-US producer. The previous trade deals between HK Engineering and John and Marissa are of no relevance in this case. This is because the deals did not involve computers. Moreover, John and Marissa were not licensed to export computers but refrigerator parts. Buy custom International Business Law Questions essay

10 Ways Identity Thieves Can Get Your Information

10 Ways Identity Thieves Can Get Your Information Identity theft is when someone fraudulently uses your personal information, such as your name, date of birth, Social Security number, and address, for their financial gain. These uses might include  to obtain credit, get a loan, open a bank, or a credit card account or obtain an I.D. card. If you become  the victim of identity theft, chances are it will cause severe damage to your finances and your good name, especially if you do not find out about it immediately. Even if you catch it quickly, you can spend months and thousands of dollars trying to repair the damage done to your credit rating. You can even find yourself accused of a crime you did not commit because someone used your personal information to perpetrate the crime in your name. Consequently, it is vital in todays electronic age to protect your information as best you can. Unfortunately, there are thieves out there just waiting for you to make a mistake or get careless. There are different ways that identity thieves go about stealing the personal information of others. Here are the most common methods used by identity thieves and ways for you to avoid becoming their victim. Dumpster Diving Dumpster diving is when someone  goes through trash looking for personal information that can be used for identity theft purposes. Identity thieves look for credit card bills, bank statements, medical bills and insurance, and old financial forms such as old tax forms. Stealing Your Mail Identity thieves will often target a person and steal mail directly from their mailbox. Thieves will also have all of the mail redirected through a change of address request made at the post office. The identity thieves are looking for bank statements, credit card bills, tax information, medical information, and personal checks. Stealing Your Wallet or Purse Identity thieves thrive by illegally obtaining personal information from others, and what better place to get it but from a purse or a wallet. A drivers license, credit cards, debit cards, and bank deposit slip, are like gold to identity thieves. You Are a Winner! Identity thieves use the temptation of prize winnings to lure people into giving them their personal and credit card information over the phone. The identity thief will tell the person that they have won a contest for a free vacation or some grand gift, but that they need to verify personal information, including their date of birth,  to prove they are over 18-years-of-age. They will explain that the vacation is free, except for the sales tax, and ask for the winner to provide them with a credit card. They usually make it sound like a decision must be made immediately, or the person will lose the prize. Skimming Debit or Credit Card Numbers Skimming is when thieves use a data storage device to capture the information from the magnetic strip of the credit, debit or ATM card at an ATM or during an actual purchase.   When skimming from an ATM, thieves will attach card readers (called skimmers) over the real terminal card reader and harvest data from every card that is swiped. Some thieves place a fake PIN pad over the real one to capture victims PINs (personal  identification  numbers) as they enter it. Another common way to do this is by installing tiny cameras to capture the PIN entered on the number pad. Shoulder surfing, which is when a person reads over the shoulder of the card user, is also a common way to obtain personal identification numbers. Once the thief has returned to the ATM and collected the file of stolen information, they can log into an ATM and steal money from the harvested accounts. Other thieves clone the credit cards to sell or for personal use. Skimming  can occur anytime someone with a digital card reader gains access to your credit or debit cards. It can be done easily  when the card is surrendered, such as in restaurants where it common practice for a waiter to take the card to another area to swipe it. Phishing Phishing is a scam in which the identity thief sends an email falsely claiming to be from a legitimate organization, government agency or bank, to lure the victim into surrendering personal information such as a  bank account number, credit card number or passwords. Often the email will send victims to a phony website that is designed to look like the real business or government agency. eBay, PayPal, and MSN are regularly used in phishing scams. ​Obtaining Your Credit Report Some identity thieves will obtain a copy of your credit report by posing as your employer or rental agent. This will give them access to your credit history including your credit cards numbers and loan information. Business Records Theft Business records theft involves the theft of files, hacking into electronic files or bribing an employee for access to files at a business. Identity thieves will sometimes go  through the trash of a business to get employee records which often contain social security numbers and customer information from charge receipts. Corporate Data Breaches A corporate data breach is when a corporations protected and confidential information is copied, viewed or stolen by someone who is unauthorized to obtain the information. The information can be personal or financial including names, addresses, telephone numbers, social security numbers, personal health information, banking information, credit history, and more. Once this information has been released, it will likely never be recovered and the individuals affected are at an increased risk of having their identities stolen.   Pretexting Pretexting is the practice of obtaining someones personal information using illegal tactics, then selling the information to people who will use it to, among other things,  steal the persons identity, Pretexters may call and claim that they are calling from the cable company and doing a service survey. After exchanging pleasantries, they would ask  about any recent cable problems, and then ask if you mind completing a short survey. They may offer to update your records, including the best time of the day to provide service to you and the obtain  your name, address and telephone number. People will often volunteer information to cheerful, helpful company representatives who are good listeners. Armed with the personal information,  the  pretexter may then decide to  search for public information about you, and learn your age, if you are a homeowner, if you paid your taxes, places that you lived before, and the names of your adult children. They may look at your social media profile to learn about your work history and the college that you attended. They will then call companies you are associated with to gain enough information to get access to your  financial information, health records, and  social security number.

How to Write Nursing Case Study

How to Write Nursing Case Study How to Write Nursing Case Study A Nursing case study is among the more complex case study papers to write. This is due to the fact that it is comprised of several sections, each with details needed to convey the information required by doctors and medical personnel for treatment. It is also used as an effective means of communication among the various groups involved, including doctors and nurses as well as other medical staff. Writing a nursing case study necessitates one to follow a given number of steps. The first step entails selecting a particular topic that is based on a real life situation that one is allowed to discuss such an issue following one’s experience or current research. The second step is stating various objectives. For instance, a researcher might choose to indicate what knowledge new learners or nurses will have gained by the end of the study. The nursing case study should include at least four objectives of the study. The third section is the introduction which includes detailed information on a given patient together with the patient’s health problem. In this section, information on the patient is provided, such as the patient’s identity or name, gender, and private information such as age and marital status. This part also contains details concerning the patient’s current health status as well related issues. The patient’s history is a crucial topic of discussion in this section. The fourth step consists of the patient’s background information which allows one to gain a better understanding of the patient’s situation. The fifth step requires the researcher to formulate questions. This step is normally taken in order to analyze what will happen to the patient’s situation after a given period of time. For instance, a nurse may decide to acquire from the patient information concerning previous medical diagnostic results regarding the patient’s present condition. The sixth step towards developing a nursing case study involves providing feedback to the patient. This step helps in creating an awareness of the patient’s progress as well as providing details on whether the stated questions were answered accordingly. The final step is the providing of references used in helping the researcher to obtain more information on the subject matter as needed. If you lack confidence in your own skills to compose a compelling nursing case study, you are welcome to order one from an online-based custom writing company. This will help ensure success in your endeavors with minimum expense to you. Get professional Nursing case study help from academic experts at writing service if you need a custom case study in Nursing.

Brave Enemies essays

Brave Enemies essays In the novel, Brave Enemies, the setting is during the Revolutionary war, specifically the War in the South. This particular novels main character was a priest who believed war was wrong in every perspective. Towards the middle of the book, the priest and his wife (Josie, who dresses up as a man and joins the American military after she her house is burned by Tories and she fears she will never see her husband again) get separated and end up of opposite sides of the war. Since the priest is opposed of war the General for the British allows him to provide proper funerals and other religious needs for the British Army. Josie on the other hand is trained to fight for the American Army the best she can while keeping it a secret that she is a girl. Josies view on this part of the war is that the Americans should win and kill as many British as possible because the British destroyed her life. The thing she didnt know was that her beloved husband was being forced to preach for the British a nd was getting to know the British soldiers. She believed her husband to be killed by the Tories after they captured him. During one of the last battles during the war in the south, Josie lay in the mud of the end of a raging battle in which the Americans were victorious and many of the British lay dead around her. Josie was also during one of her first phases of labor. As she lay in pain on the ground, she began to hear the voice of a man who sounded exactly like her dead husband. As it turns out, it was her husband. He was preaching for the dead British soldiers. As he came closer to her he realized it was her wife who lay on the ground. Since Josie was now reunited with her husband all the things she was fighting for on the American side were now for no reason at all. This changed her view on the war completely. She realized that her husband was right about war in that all it does is take lives and tear people apart. ...

The History Behind Cobell Vs. Salazar

The History Behind Cobell Vs. Salazar Surviving multiple presidential administrations since its inception in 1996, the Cobell case has been known variously as Cobell v. Babbit, Cobell v. Norton, Cobell v. Kempthorne and its current name, Cobell v. Salazar (all defendants being Secretaries of the Interior under which the Bureau of Indian affairs is organized). With upwards of 500,000 plaintiffs, it has been called the largest class-action lawsuit against the United States in U.S. history. The suit is the result of over 100 years of abusive federal Indian policy and gross negligence in the management of Indian trust lands. Overview Eloise Cobell, a Blackfoot Indian from Montana and banker by profession, filed the lawsuit on behalf of hundreds of thousands of individual Indians in 1996 after finding many discrepancies in the management of funds for lands held in trust by the United States in her job as treasurer for the Blackfoot tribe. According to U.S. law, Indian lands are technically not owned by tribes or individual Indians themselves but are held in trust by the U.S. government. Under U.S. management, Indian trust lands Indian reservations are often leased to non-Indian individuals or companies for resource extraction or other uses. The revenue generated from the leases is to be paid to the tribes and individual Indian land owners. The United States has a fiduciary responsibility to manage the lands to the best benefit of tribes and individual Indians, but as the lawsuit revealed, for over 100 years the government failed in its duties to accurately account for the income generated by the leases, let alone pay the revenues to the Indians. History of Indian Land Policy and Law The foundation of federal Indian law begins with the principles based on the doctrine of discovery, originally defined in Johnson v. MacIntosh (1823) which maintains that Indians only have a right to occupancy and not the title to their own lands. This led to the legal principle of the trust doctrine to which the United States is held on behalf of Native American tribes. In its mission to civilize and assimilate Indians into mainstream American culture, the Dawes Act of 1887 broke up the communal landholdings of tribes into individual allotments which were held in trust for a period of 25 years. After the 25-year period, a patent in fee simple would be issued, enabling an individual to sell their land if they chose to and ultimately breaking up the reservations. The goal of the assimilation policy would have resulted in all Indian trust lands in private ownership, but a new generation of lawmakers in the early 20th century reversed the assimilation policy based on the landmark Merria m Report which detailed the deleterious effects of the previous policy. Fractionation Throughout the decades as the original allottees died the allotments passed to their heirs in subsequent generations. The result has been that an allotment of 40, 60, 80, or 160 acres, which was originally owned by one person is now owned by hundreds or sometimes even thousands of people. These fractionated allotments are usually vacant parcels of land that are still managed under resource leases by the U.S. and have been rendered useless for any other purposes because they can only be developed with the approval 51% of all other owners, an unlikely scenario. Each of those people is assigned Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts which are credited with any revenue generated by the leases (or would have been had there been appropriate accounting and crediting maintained). With hundreds of thousands of IIM accounts now in existence, accounting has become a bureaucratic nightmare and highly costly. The Settlement The Cobell case hinged in large part on whether or not an accurate accounting of the IIM accounts could be determined. After over 15 years of litigation, the defendant and the plaintiffs both agreed that an accurate accounting was not possible and in 2010 a settlement was finally reached for a total of $3.4 billion. The settlement, known as the Claims Settlement Act of 2010, was divided into three sections: $1.5 billion was created for an Accounting/Trust Administration fund (to be distributed to IIM account holders), $60 million is set aside for Indian access to higher education, and the remaining $1.9 billion sets up the Trust Land Consolidation Fund, which provides funds for tribal governments to purchase individual fractionated interests, consolidating the allotments into once again communally held land. However, the settlement has yet to be paid due to legal challenges by four Indian plaintiffs.

Fruits That Ruin Jell-O and Other Gelatin Desserts

Fruits That Ruin Jell-O and Other Gelatin Desserts If you add certain fruits to Jell-O or other gelatin desserts, the gelatin wont set up. Heres a look at which fruits have this effect and what happens that causes them to ruin Jell-O. Key Takeaways: Fruits That Ruin Gelatin Some fresh fruits prevent Jell-O and other types of gelatin from gelling.These are fruits that contain high levels of proteases. Proteases are enzymes that break chemical bonds in proteins, such as collagen in gelatin.Pineapple, kiwi, papaya, mango, and guava are examples of fruits that cause a problem.Heat inactivates proteases, so cooking fruit before adding it to gelatin prevents any issue. Canned fruit has been heated, so it is also acceptable for use in gelatin desserts. Fruits That Ruin Jell-O The fruits that ruin Jell-O contain enyzmes called proteases which break the chemical bonds that try to form between chains of protein as Jell-O or other gelatin tries to gel. pineapple - bromelainkiwi - actinidinfigs - ficainpapaya - papainpawpaw - papainmangoguavaginger root Only Fresh Fruit Causes a Problem You may have had Jell-O that contained pineapple or another of the fruits on the list. This is because the enzymes in the fruit only disrupt the gelling process if the fruits are fresh or frozen. If the fruit is heated (e.g., canning or cooking) then the enzymes are permanently inactivated, making the fruit perfectly fine for making Jell-O. Jell-Os versatility enabled it to be used in a wide variety of  old fashioned recipes you wont believe people actually ate.

Collaborative Model of Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Collaborative Model of Criminal Justice - Essay Example Interest in the field hastened in the 20th century with the universal establishment of police force, crime management and control. According to Hirsch and Gottfredson (1990), the study of crime has evolved from being a corollary or application of social science into being a distinct field with the recognition of the impact of crime and victimization to society as well as in consideration of its operation as a social institution in ensuring peace, order and stability. However, the premise that crime as a social construct and individual criminality is not at question, has not been absolute or indistinguishable amongst criminological theories. As Estrada (2004) points out, perspectives have changed significantly over time, as indicated by changes in policies. The need to understand the similarities and contradictions is not so much to establish distinctions between sets of theories but rather to develop insights on the modes or perceptions regarding crime, society and individuals over t ime. Before the 20th century the prevailing theories on crime considered individualistic perspective on the development of crime. The motivation to commit criminal acts was considered to be due to the perceived rewards or gains of the acts. In such a setting, the offender actively and deliberately chooses to commit the crime to fulfill a personal desire, derive reward or to pursue an interest. One of the challenges of such a perspective is that there is limited consideration for the development of criminal behaviors or the factors that contribute to their prevalence or the means preempting crime beyond control measures. Shedler and Westen (2004) believe that there the current perspective on crime, particularly regarding its sociological development still need retooling to accommodate personalities that do not comply with models. One aspect that they refer to is that though there is recognition of conscious and unconscious mind of an individual as well as collective consciousness with the development of psychoanalytic perspectives, there is till a significant reliance on models or archetypes. This in turn may limit cultural or social sensitivity which is a critic cal component of crime as a social construct. Similarly, there are some studies indicating that though general personality theories utilizing psychoanalysis may be sufficient for assessment purposes, they may not provide the same level of insights for the development of interventions or therapy (Jackson, 2004). The sociological study of crime developed in the 1940's. Influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis and psychoanalysis, the proposition was that individuals are influenced by their social experience and thus, their desires and motivations can be linked to social developments and issues (Plotnik, 2005). In sociological approaches in the criminology, the perception is that crime is not just individually motivated, going beyond personal choice, motivations, desires or rewards (Brown, 2003). It also diminishes the significance of biological characteristics as precursors of crime. As strange as it may seem based on contemporary knowledge, a number of studies prior to the development of organized police in Europe were conducted to compile physical characteristics of offenders, one of the earliest efforts in profiling (Plotnik, 2005; Oberwittler & Hfer, 2005). Furthermore,

The Reform Movements of the 19th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Reform Movements of the 19th Century - Essay Example Though the previously ignored fractions of society achieved social recognition, there are still issues that exist in society. Evidently, the reform achieved a lot though it fell short of the expectations of the protagonists. Reform and the Slaves One of the most important achievements in the reform was the end of slave regime. In fact, the anti-slavery ideology as propounded by the abolitionists won the battle in 1865 with the 13th Amendment. Evidently, the northern states had started giving up slavery after the American Revolution. However, many states in the south continued depending on slavery as the primary means of labor as they had cotton. Admittedly, one factor that led to the fight for the freedom of slaves is the religious awakening in the reform period, especially among the Protestants. For example, the Protestants proclaimed that it is highly necessary to reform the society to make the Kingdom of God a reality as the religion focused on the Second Coming of Christ. In addi tion, the Evangelical mission to save others gave women a chance to engage in social reform movements that were aimed at protecting slaves. Being the worst treated creatures in the society, for these reformists, slaves were the primary concern. People like William Lloyd Garrison, Quaker Lucretia Mott, and many others formed the American Anti-Slavery Society and many of the members were women; both white and African American. As time passed, by the mid 19th century, the Anti-Slavery Society was split into various fractions including the Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, and even the Liberty Party. By 1848, history saw the Liberty Party joining a coalition and creating the Free Soil Party followed by a Free Soil Convention in 1848. However, as time passed, things were getting complicated in nature. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 saw marshals seizing and returning fugitive slaves, and thus, the free slaves again fell prey to the southern slaveholders though some managed to flee to Canada. Now, it was time for the Kansas Nebraska Act that allowed each area to decide their policy on slavery. As there was no progress in the slavery issue, in 1859, John Brown and his followers attacked the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia, but as their revolt did not materialize, Brown and followers were caught and hanged. Admittedly, this only resulted in enraging even the pacified supporters of the anti-slavery movement. Soon, there arose the Civil War in 1861. As the Civil War ended, history witnessed the passage of the 13th Amendment that outlawed slavery. Five years later, in 1970, there was the 15th Amendment that allowed the African-Americans the right to vote. Admittedly, a lot has been achieved by the reform movement. However, a report by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor shows the picture of an incomplete work. The report Civil rights and civil wrongs: racism in America today that appeared in the November-December 2003 issue of International Socialist Review quotes the Presid ent as saying â€Å"My nation’s journey toward justice has not been easy and it is not over†¦the racial bigotry fed by slavery did not end with slavery or with segregation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Taylor). In addition, the writers point out the fact that according to statistics, African Americans still continue to lag behind whites in all walks of life.

Naomi Klein's Don't Fence Us in Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Naomi Klein's Don't Fence Us in - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in recent times on a worldwide scale, capitalism has been evident in free trade, as carried out by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and in the phenomenon called globalization. Klein’s essay uses the metaphor of the fence to describe the barriers that come up every time capitalist policies are enforced. The fence here can be virtual as to stop or paralyze people from exercising their freedom   The fence can real and visible, as when governments or powerful groups prop up security apparatuses to keep out workers or activists from getting too close in their protests against capitalism. She describes capitalism as the all-source or origin of state policies such as privatization, of World Bank missives to borrower-governments dictating fiscal or budgetary priorities, and to the recent phenomenon of globalization. On the other hand, she also writes that capitalism is dismantling â€Å"necessary fences† such as the one protecting schools from be ing invaded by advertisements, an example of a public space being overtaken by the private sphere. The purpose of the â€Å"Don’t Fence Us In† is to dominate and discredit capitalism for being the all-source of the negative manifestations of privatization, of the continuing debate on free trade and globalization and of even on the issue of what is behind genetically-modified food. Her arguments are too all-embracing as they try to tackle several issues all at once and point to one single cause, capitalism.