Thomas Hobbes vs. Immanuel Kant Essay - 1715 Words

Thomas Hobbes Vs. Immanuel Kant PART 1: Thomas Hobbes â€Å"Everyone is governed by his own reason, and there is nothing he can make use of that may not be a help unto him in preserving his life against his enemies (Hobbes, 120).† Thomas Hobbes, who is a considered a rational egoist, makes this point in his book Leviathan. Hobbes believes that the means of person’s actions can only be amounted to how it ultimately affects that person. Our moral duties that we perform in the end, all stem from self-interest, rather than being justified as morally right or wrong. Hobbes states that our desires pit us against one another, and the only way to protect our self-interests is to create a common power that protects the people who consent to it.†¦show more content†¦Therefore using anything at your disposal as a means would have no moral worth. â€Å"It is not enough that the action does not conflict with humanity in our person as an ends in itself; it must also harmonize with it†(Kant, 113). People must act not acco rding inclinations or rules, but it involves performing acts that have no gains for us, and that is the only way to preserve humanity. Although Kant agrees with Hobbes that a state of nature does exist without proper authority, he counters, saying it does not exist because everyone is acting out of duty. Stating self-interest is the motivation for our actions and ultimate end conflicts with the principle of forming a covenant to protect our self-interests. We would still be in a state of nature, due the â€Å"fool† who does not obey his covenant. Thusly, making a covenant out of self-interest can lead to people in society breaking this contract or making empty promises, as a result of later gains they may receive by not abiding. Instead, when acting out of duty â€Å"I must reflect carefully whether this lie (broken covenant) may later give rise to much greater inconvenience (Kant, 107),† which ultimately can harm our inclination to self-preserve. Before one can act they must ask the question would they want others to act in that manner? This sets a maxim for each individual to follow, so a covenant is formed that society will not break because it our duty, and acting out of from thisShow MoreRelatedJohn Stuart Mill And Thomas Hobbes1128 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of Berlin’s bisection. When looking through history it is quite easy to see that philosophers such as John Stuart Mill and Thomas Hobbes are talking about very different things than Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Hobbes proclaims, â€Å"Liberty, or freedom, signifieth properly the absence of opposition (by opposition, I mean external impediments of motion)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hobbes 136). While Mill describes liberty as â€Å"that of pursuing our own good in our own way† (Mill 14). Undoubtedly, these are both negativeRead MoreCategorical Vs. Categorical Imperative1929 Words   |  8 Pagesgood if there is â€Å"a means to do something else†. (Landau-Kant 93) An example of a hypothetical imperative would be to do an action in order to achieve a specific result. On the other hand, if an action itself is considered good and has no reason towards it, then it would be a categorical imperative. A categorical imperative would be doing a specific action because one is told to do so without any desire or happiness as a result. (Landau-Kant 93) In addition, both hypothetical and categorical imperativesRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Human Nature1534 Words   |  7 Pagesnever despair of human nature.† In Chinese culture, too, humans had long been considered to be essentially good, under the idealistic doctrines of Confucius and Mencius. In the West, however, many scholars, most notably including John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, suggested that the innate human condition was selfish and competitive. French philosopher, Rene Descartes expanded on Plato’s ideas by construing people as â€Å"thinking spirits†, while German philosopher, Karl Marx, implied that human nature wasRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pa gesas a ‘dead dog’, and this despite the fact that in the universities he has once again become persona grata and even fashionable. What would Professor Vorlà ¤nder say if a historian of philosophy contrived not to notice — in the works of a successor of Kant, however critical and original, that the ‘synthetic unity of apperception’, to take but one instance, was derived from the Critique of Pure Reason? The author of these pages wishes to break with such views. He believes that today it is of practicalRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pages3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other Important Philosophers: 58 2.34- Rights Theory: 64 2.35- Contribution By KANT: 65 2.36- Contribution By ROSS: 66 2.4- CULTURAL: 68 2.5- LEGAL SYSTEM: 71 2.6- CODES OF ETHICS: 74 2.61- Company Codes: 74 Code of ethics (corporate or business ethics) 74 code of ethics(business of ethics) 75 Code of conductRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesTable 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 9.3 Table 10.1 Table 10.2 Knowledge constituting philosophical assumptions Hierarchy of science and organization theory Fatalism and optimism in the ‘new’ modernist organization Bell’s stages of societal development Fordism vs. post-fordism The incidence of part-time work in European Union member states Modernism versus postmodernism Affirmative versus sceptical postmodernism The changing condition of knowledge Pay and profits: Long run performance of FTSE 100 companies (2002

Training Key Areas Essay - 992 Words

Training keys areas Wendy Hughes HRM/326 February 25, 2013 Mary Lambert Training keys areas Success is no longer measures by an organization profit margin. Today big businesses have to account for its success on various levels of group in its organizational achievements, community success, and personal growth in management and employees. Business that implement it resources on diversity, employee growth, and legal requirements not only eliminate unnecessary lawsuits but ensured that the organization is revered as the employer of choice. Diversity training The development of exceptional diversity training class organizations extends their reach far beyond race, culture, gender, and workplace ethics. Successful†¦show more content†¦These men and women participate in continued education courses, career development, and counseling services that lead to promotions and internal career advancement. The continued success of managers and hourly employees advancing to salary position produces a rippled affect as managers’ provide insight to the organizations goals. Mangers begin work more closely with employers to coach, mentor, and provide insight into desired qualities that he or she may possessed but require training to develop them further. The end result is a reduction in stress increased productivity, increase in self-esteem, and a reduction in turnovers. Kraft foods and other large organization upon establishing this kind of employee training have developed life long relationship with employees by implementing recognition programs and service awards for safety as well as years employed. Legal requirements According to Noe, (2008) the different situations that can result in legal action against the organization include: Failure to meet training requirement, employee sustaining an injury during training or an injury outside of a training session. A Breach of confidentiality or defamation against an employee by an employer is also punishable by law and entitles the employee to punitive damages as a result of insult or injury to his or her character. It is also vital that organizations using or recopying copyrighted material within its trainingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Training Key Areas1882 Words   |  8 PagesTraining Key Areas September 12 2015 HRM 326 Donna Wyatt Training Key Areas Training for employees on key areas are the foundation for well-prepared workforce and will lead to a stable structured organization. The main objective of this type of training is to help to illustrate the importance of training and why achieving the proposed goals is so important for the success not only of the employee but of the entire company. The purpose of this training is to identify threeRead MoreRelationships Between Employees And Employers851 Words   |  4 Pages The main points of chapter five are relationships between employees and employers are very important to a company. It is important for the company to build loyalty, trust, and long-term relationships to motivate employees to perform their best. Training and development can be used not just for new employees, but also on current employees. This allows current employees to prepare themselves for new roles and responsibilities. From this employees will learn new responsibilities and feel motivatedRead MoreHrm 326 Employee Development Complete from Week 1 to 5728 Words   |  3 Pagescom/HRM%20326/hrm-326-employee-development-complete-from-week-1-to-5 Product Description HRM 326 Employee Development WEEK 1 Individual Assignment, Organizational Focus and Goals Discussion Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 WEEK 2 Individual Assignment, Training Key Areas Learning Team Charter Discussion Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Weekly Quiz WEEK 3 Learning Team Assignment, Needs Analysis Discussion Questions 1, 2, 3, 4 Weekly Quiz WEEK 4 Individual Assignment, Delivery Methods Discussion Questions 1Read MoreThe Key Functional Areas Of Human Resource Management1096 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence the workforce. All decisions that affect the workforce of the organization concern the HRM function. The activities involved in human resource management functions are universal throughout any organization. This paper will discuss the key functional areas of human resource management and how each function contributes to the overall performance of an organization. An examination of the four federal equal employment opportunity l ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬aws and how each law influences fair employment practices withinRead MoreThe Concept Of Organizational Learning1300 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment that supports both formal and informal continuous learning. Learning begins for their employees on their first working day. All new government employees are sent through a two-week training course called onboarding. This indoctrination course sets the tone for all new employees. Du ring this intense training employees are introduced to the myriad of learning opportunities offered to them, which will allow them to grow and work on their own goals. One such program is the Defense Acquisition UniversityRead MoreHRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper1216 Words   |  5 Pageswith Sam’s Club management and a recommendation was made based on this analysis. The recommendations made was based on the findings generated from random customer satisfaction survey, selection process for focus groups, identifying and documenting key organizational objectives through questionnaires and surveys, collecting and tabulating responses from returned email questionnaires conducted over a two week period. As the world’s largest retailer, Walmart still faces the potential of not havingRead MoreEasygroup Case Study1746 Words   |  7 PagesScenario You have been asked to conduct a training needs analysis of a selected organisation and present this in a formal report. To do this you will need to select a business that you are familiar with, either one you work in or you have knowledge of. Terms of Reference I have been asked to conduct a training needs analysis of Easy Group Plc Background to the business: The easyGroup is the private investment vehicle of Stelios, the serial entrepreneur. The easyGroup is the owner of the easyRead MoreA Report On Ficer733 Words   |  3 Pagesand Values Requirements †¢ Attend General Orientation, 1 Day. †¢ Complete Online Learning (Healthstream) Module’s. †¢ Attend Report Exc Dispatch/Incident Report Training †¢ Confirm BLS status. If needed, enroll in earliest possible offering. †¢ Enroll in earliest possible Driving Class. †¢ Enroll in earliest possible Behavior Continuum Training session. †¢ Enroll in earliest possible Defensive Tactics Class †¢ Complete department orientation Checklist within 30 days of start date. †¢ Complete division, departmentRead MoreThe Assistance Provided By The Inter-Range Community, Financial Support And A List Of The Panhellenik-Letter Community1685 Words   |  7 PagesPanhellenic sisterhood at Binghamton and ensure continued success for the Greek-letter community. Our procedures for establishing a new Kappa chapter along with our knowledgeable support team ensure a successful start for a new chapter at Binghamton. A key component of our strategy is hiring two resident Chapter Consultants who will work with the new chapter for at least the first two years of existence. Kappa has operating funds specifically allocated to ensure success from establishment — the time whenRead MoreMechanisms For Risk Management And Control1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthreats of litigation, reduce the risk of physical harm to their clients and themselves, and provide a higher quality of service.1 While law enforcement agencies have long utilized business models from the corporate realm for baseline best practices, the area of risk management has been underutilized by the profession. Agencies that have purchased BWCs have purchased not only tools that will aid in the reduction of demeanor complaints and increase organizational transparency, but also devices that can be

The Campus Of The University Of California - 1764 Words

Overview: On the campus of the University of California, Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar just two months after being detained by campus police for making such threats in a counseling session. According to Public Health Law, Poddar expressed that he was going to carry out the action of murder during two different counseling sessions, which his psychologist, Dr. Moore, had no choice but to have him detained. He was released after promising to stay away from Tarasoff, however, he followed through on killing Tatiana Tarasoff. During this time frame, according to the â€Å"Facts† from a casebriefs.com (page 2), the psychologist sought out other professionals for insight. The reason for consensualizing was to get others’ insight as to whether is was the psychologists place to warn Tatiana Tarasoff or her parents of this threat, and break confidentiality with her client. The conclusion drawn was to not warn, which was advised by Moore’s superior, or protect T atiana, and as a result, she was murdered by Poddar in 1969. Findings: In the case of Tarasoff vs. Regents of University of California Supreme Court, the findings were that of a mental health professional, along with the supervisor, and others, were being sued by Tatiana Tarasoff parents after she was brutally murdered by Prosenjit Poddar in 1969. The 1976 ruling resulted in requiring that the counselor has â€Å"the duty to warn and protect† even though the victim is not the client. Poddar explained his plan toShow MoreRelatedThe University Of California University1063 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of California The University of California, which is known as UC, is one of the largest and most successful university systems in the country. The University of California has 10 large campuses, so there are a total of 250,000 students, 21,000 faculty members, 145,000 staff members and almost two million living alumni. There are campuses in the cities of Davis, Irvine, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz. Six of the ten university campuses are membersRead MoreThe Drought Of The Western United States1448 Words   |  6 PagesWP 4 The drought in the western United States is a nationwide concern that directly affects every person in California. It is every person’s responsibility to use water sustainably and no college, including the University of Southern California, is an exception. Rather than lagging behind sustainable water usage, USC should be at the forefront of it. On the surface of USC’s environmental sustainability campaign, it seems as if they are making sweeping changes; however directly under the first layerRead MoreU3 Advisors Expanded The Chula Vista Team812 Words   |  4 Pagesexpanded the Chula Vista team by retaining the following four individuals to act in an advisory capacity on the project; Denise Ducheny, retired California State Senator, and Clarissa Reyes Falcon of Falcon Consulting, to act as the local representatives for the institutional recruitment process, and Eduardo Glandt, Dean of Engineering, Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania as an academic and institutional sounding board. We also consulted with Mexican-American Architect Enrique Norten who has closeRead MoreThe State Of California Governing Bodies Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe State of California Governing Bodies The California Postsecondary Education Commission was granted puissant duties and powers in 1974, after replacing the Coordinating Council for Higher Education (Education Commission of the States, 2016). The commission does not serve as a governing board but as an advisory committee to the House of Representatives, governor, and higher education institutions, with matters paramount to education policies (Education Commission of States, 2016). The commissionRead MoreThe University Of California Santa Cruz721 Words   |  3 PagesThe University of California, Santa Cruz, is located in Santa Cruz, California. It is a public university with an average rate of student acceptance. The campus sits right next to the Pacific Ocean, so it is a great college for students who love the water. The college was established in 1965 and is one of the ten campuses that makes up the University of California system. The University of California, Santa Cruz has over 60 diverse undergraduate programs in total and 40 graduate programs. SomeRead MoreBackground And Qualifications : Application And Evaluation Of Culturally Responsive Public Health Level At The George Washington University Milken1022 Words   |  5 Pagesapplying to a Master of Public Health degree in Health Promotion at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health. She is interested in program design and evaluation of culturally-responsive public health interventions tailored to address the needs of the Latino community. EDUCATION: Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Communication minor B.S. 2010-2013 University of California, Davis; Graduated Cum Laude Liberal Arts Sciences A.A 2008-2010Read MoreThe Latino And Latino Community1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hispanic/Latino community has been known to be underrepresented on college campuses, both at the community college and four-year university level. Factors such as low-income households, poor or harsh living conditions, under-educated parents, cultural and family commitments, and unfamiliarity with the college process, all serve as unfortunate barriers that keep Hispanic/Latino students from reaching the goal of attaining college degrees. Although these barriers keep many students from succeedingRead MoreOn Campus Housing At Community Colleges1424 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not provide on-campus housing and to provide greater insights into the types of community colleges that provide on-campus housing, the typical student who resides in on-campus housing, a guide to various California community colleges that provide on-campus housing, and the impact that on-campu s housing has on student learning outcomes, financial gains for community colleges that provide on-campus housing, and an overview of the lack of data in the area of not only on-campus housing in communityRead MoreWhen Senior Year Came Up994 Words   |  4 PagesThen senior year came up. Since I loved California and since I didn t want my parents to pay for the extra out-of-state tuition, I decided to apply to in-state (California) schools, such as Universities of California, California State Universities, and Private Universities. As I was applying to colleges, I decided to apply as a Statistics major. Even though I have never taken statistics classes before, I knew Statistics would be the best option for me due to many reasons. First of all, I was reallyRead MoreApplying And Choosing A Place Of Higher Education Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesare admission standards, location, and athletic programs, and two post-high school institutions, Rice University and the University of Cali fornia- Berkeley, will be compared based on these aspects. As a primary benchmark, the admission standards for a university will need to be evaluated in order to decide if a college is suitable for one’s academic rigor. Admission standards for Rice University consist of â€Å"either the SAT and two SAT Subject Tests in fields related to their proposed area of study

Cima Mountaineering, Inc. - 5792 Words

MARK 60013 Case Study #1: Cima Mountaineering, Inc. Markus Decker Kevin Dulac Erik Frank Chad Mays 09/24/2002 Introduction In this case study, our team examines the decisions facing a small western mountain boot manufacturing company, Cima Mountaineering, Inc. This paper will provide a brief overview of the case, including a quick background perspective of the company. We will present the two options given in the case, and examine the four possible alternatives, which exist as possible solutions to the company’s dilemma. For each possible outcome, we will provide detailed analysis of each alternative evaluated against various criteria. Finally, based on the results of the analysis, an overall conclusion will be†¦show more content†¦Briefly, the following criteria used are: †¢ Strategic Fit – How does the alternative fit within Cima’s existing company strategy? †¢ Product Advantages – What are the unique benefits? †¢ Market Forecast – What is the outlook for growth and market share? †¢ Distinctive Capabilities – What are the unique aspects of each alternative? †¢ Production Capacity – How will Cima address capacity issues for these alternatives? †¢ Market Coverage – What is the market penetration? †¢ Market Segment Targeting – What is the method for targeting specific market segments? †¢ Positioning – How is does each alternative position Cima within the market? †¢ Distribution – How will distribution and value chain issues be addressed? †¢ Pricing – What is the pricing strategy for each alternative? †¢ Advertising and Sales Promotion – How will promotion of new products change? †¢ Net Present Value – which alternative is most favorable from a financial standpoint? Strategic Fit Within the context of the Company’s vision at the time of this case, Anthony’s proposal to add two new products to the existing Summit hiking boot line is well within the existing company strategy: high quality products aimed at a very specific market segment. Margaret’s proposal to introduce a third lower cost â€Å"weekender† product line means that the company must deviate from their traditional productShow MoreRelatedEssay Cima Mountaineering Inc916 Words   |  4 PagesSituation Analysis: Cima Mountaineering, Inc. is a company that manufactures mountaineering and hiking boots for mountaineers and serious hikers. The company mainly manufactures two classic kinds of leather boots- Glacier boots for mountaineering and Summit boots for Hiking. Although the demand for mountaineering and hiking boots has increased in 1994, only serious mountaineers and hikers are interested in their boots and the demand is seasonal, while the foreign competitors target both seriousRead MoreEssay about CIMA Mountaineering, Inc Case Study1005 Words   |  5 PagesStatement CIMA Mountaineering, Inc. is a company manufacturing in hiking and mountaineering boots for beginner to experience hikers. CIMA sales and profit had grown steadily within the last several years. However, CIMA growth is beginning to slow down as a result of foreign market and changing market. The company is under consideration of two marketing proposals, these two marketing proposals will discuss about marketing strategies for increasing sales and profits of the company. CIMA Mountaineering, IncRead MoreMarketing Cima Mountaineering Case Study1940 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Cima’s current situation? After the renovation of Cima mountaineering, Inc. in 1990, they started with $ 13 million revenues, with profit margin of 4.01%. The next 3 years witnessed a continuous increase in sales and revenues. Their profit margin increased to reach 4.97% by year 1992. They reached an all time high sales and revenues in 1995 of $20 million; however their profit margin decreased to 4.27%. Cima mountaineering, Inc. has been growing steadily the sales by a significant percentage

Advertising and Integrated Plan Communication - Free Solution

Question: Discuss about the Advertising and Integrated Plan Communication. Answer: Introduction: Samsung Gar is a smart watch, from the line of wearable computing devices offered by Samsung Electronics. The specifications of this product can be discussed as a no cellular connectivity with only 68 g. wight (Samsung AU 2016). It has a Tizen based OS with 4 GB, 512 MB RAM internal space. It has SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, IM amenities with sensors for Accelerometer, gyro, and heart rate. It can be a very useful product for the tourists and sports enthusiasts (Samsung AU 2016). Literature review: As opined by Kerr and Patti (2015) IMC or the integrated marketing communication is a strategy or approach to brand communications in which the diverse modes work simultaneously to create a flawless experience for the consumers and are offered with a related tone and method that reinforces the brands core massage. While writing an IMC plan hence, it is important follow some well-defined strategies or steps. As mentioned by Shin (2013) while writing a marketing plan, knowing the target audience is a prerequisite. There is no general audience; the customers are always specific according to their choices and requirements and it is important to identify the right communication channel to address them. As opined by Tafesse and Kitchen (2015) in the case of writing an IMC plan, it is important for the company to make a situation analysis. By evaluating the internal and external opportunities and threats, an effective marketing strategy can be developed. As mentioned by Kliatchko and Schultz (2014) in the context of writing an IMC plan the team needs to determine the communication objectives to set the appropriate strategies for attracting the target audience within the minimum budget. As discussed by Sharma (2015) in writing the IMC plan, the marketing team needs to develop the strategies according to the communication objective of the company. there are a number of conventional and innovative communication strategies. Depending on the selection of the target audience, the strategies are needed to be developed. Last but the most important stage in developing an IMC plan, it is typically important to outline a method to evaluate the effectiveness of the IMC plan. As opined by Tafesse and Kitchen (2015) it is important to know what is being helpful and what is constricting the effort of achieving the communication goals. Market segments for IMC campaign: As opined by Wedel and Kamakura (2012) identifying the appropriate potential customer is necessary for the marketers to be successful in the market. For the successful identification of the target audience, the whole market needs to be segmented into different categories. As mentioned by Cross et al. (2015) depending on the characteristics and requirements of the potential customers, they can be segmented in different categories. The customer segmentation for Samsung Gear can be done with the following variables: Demographic: Age: The target audience can come from 13 to 70 or more years of age. The specifications of the product can hugely attack the youngsters, as they are generally inclined to latest technologies. On the other hand, as the product can measure heartbeats and other physical ratings, it will be helpful for the aged population. Gender: No gender biasness is necessary for segmenting the market. Income level: The company is now charging almost (), hence, the target market for this product can be identified as the high and middle-income group (Samsung AU 2016). Education: As the product is a smart watch and it provides a number of numeric and description-based information, the users need to have a certain level of literacy in both the conventional as well as the technological field. Geographic: Country: As the product can be identified as a lifestyle offering of Samsung and the price is considerably high, only the economically developed and developing countries will be targeted. Region: Depending on the products features, the customers from the urban region will be targeted. As opined by Cross et al. (2015) the rural people are not that much technologically updated and they try to avoid these products. Psychographic: Personality: The adventurous and enthusiast people can b identified as the target audience for this IMC plan. The sports enthusiast and the adventurous people will need this product for providing connectivity and security in distant places. The inquisitive and lover of explorations and the fitness conscious people will be made aware of the utility of this product in safely satisfying their hobbies and inner calls. Both the introverts and extroverts can be targeted and make aware of the offerings on the product. Benefit segmentation: The product do not need any cellular connectivity and has even has the futures of sending SMS and emails, it will be a useful attraction for the tourists. The adventure enthusiasts, educational tourists and players can be identified as the potential customers. Marketing communication objectives: Here, in the context of Samsung Gear, the marketing communication objectives can b as followed: Drive brand switching: For this particular product, the brand has a few eminent and strong competitors like Apple, Sony, Pebble and others. Hence, it is important for the organization to attract the customers who has already chosen the competitive brands. The advertisement strategies need to be developed so that the customers can identify the point of differentiation to the other brands. Influencing the purchase intention: As discussed by Tafesse and Kitchen (2015) the IMC strategy needs to influence the buying intention of the potential customers. By identifying the positive aspects in satisfying the customers requirements, the brand can motivate the customers to buy their product. Crating a brand awareness: As mentioned by Shin (2013) it is the most important objective of the IMC strategies. However, as the product and the brand are popular, it will not be hard for the IMC team to make a great range of potential customers aware of the product and its service offers. As opined by Kerr and Patti (2015) the objective of the brand needs to be known and memorable. IMC tools: There are a number of IMC tools those are conventionally used to achieve the communication objectives set by the marketers. As opined by Kliatchko and Schultz (2014) the most popular communication tools can be identified as advertisement, public relation, direct marketing, personal selling and many more. However, in this selected case, depending on the provided budget, the followings can be identified as the most useful IMC tools to attract the selected target market. Advertisement: As mentioned by Sharma (2015) by using the strategy of advisement, the company can promote the futures and service offerings of the products. Here, the company can opt for an aggressive advertisement strategy. Here, the company needs to eco the slogan or tagline of the brand and opt for such contents that support the approach of the advertisement. As discussed by Castronovo and Huang (2012) advertisements typically increases the brand awareness, which is one of the major communication objective selected for the product. Sales promotion: As opined by Sharma (2015) to create a point of differentiation and obtaining a competitive advantage, the brand may opt for providing gifts to the customers. Moreover, as discussed by Kerr and Patti (2015) providing discounts to different segments of customers increases the sales count. Here, the company can opt for providing discounts to the customers who belongs to the age group to 65 to 70, or the education tourists. This will help the brand in making the customers switching the competitive brand and attracting the customers. Public relation: Because of budget constraints, the company now cannot invest in the social charity funds, which can be identified as the best public relation strategy (Sharma 2015). However, for crating brand awareness, the company can use its own website and publish its annual reports or the certificates of achievements in proving the best quality service. The new age customers generally follow these websites, it will provide them the required knowledge about the product. Moreover, by publishing such reports or certificate of achievements in the media, the company will be able to attract the remaining segment of the targeted market. Styles of creative advertising strategies: As opined by Reinartz and Saffert (2013) depending on the character and choice of consumption of the target audience, the companies and to identify the strategic styles for advertisements. The company can use the innovative advertising strategies as it addresses the highest number of potential customers. The company can use the following styles: The emotional strategy: As mentioned by Drewniany and Jewler (2013) by using the emotions like joy or fear, a sense of requirement can be created among the potential customers. Here, the company can use the fear of being lost or in a troubled situation to the educational tourists and adventure enthusiasts. The aged population can best be targeted by this particular strategy. According to the Fear-appeal logic, the customers can feel physically threatened for not obtaining the product (Reinartz and Saffert 2013). It will encourage them to alter their buying intention in favor of the product. Here, the advertisement needs to strategically use background music to make the people conscious about the treats and the ways of coming out of them by using the product. Figure 1: Styles of creative advertising strategies Source: Developed by the author The resonance strategy: Here, the company can use the strategy of sharing experience of a celebrity sportsman like Usain Bolt or an adventure enthusiast like Bear Grylls, to make the people aware of the utility of the services offered by the product. As mentioned in the TERS model of endorsers attributes, the company needs to employ a sportsperson who is internationally famous to grab the attention of the international customers. Moreover, it will support the requirement of similarity and trustworthiness mentioned in TERS model (Reinartz and Saffert 2013). The USP strategy: As mentioned by Shirkhodaee and Rezaee (2014) having a clear picture about the point of differentiation can make the customers switch the brand. Hence, to achieve the objective of attracting the customers from the competitors the company can us the strategy of discussing the Unique Selling Proposition strategy. By appointing a technological expert, the company can make the potential customers known about the pint of differentiation. According to the TERS model, using the expert will satisfy the variable of Expertise and trustworthiness and make the advertisement effective (Parente and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson 2014). Here, the note of humor can be used to make the differentiation, as it will create a sense of feel-good about the advertisement as well as the brand (Reinartz and Saffert 2013). Here, the use of comic music will be useful to attract the audience. Media plan: As opined by Puzakova t al. (2015) an effective media planning includes the selection and justification of the mediums for interacting to potential customers. Hence, while selecting the channels for communication to the customers, it is needed to identify the availability and accessibility of the customers through that particular media (Christodoulides et al. 2015). Here, in the selected case, depending on the communication objectives, the following media and vehicles can b utilized to communicate with the potential customers. Internet: In the modern world of business, the online promotion or marketing communication is the most common strategy. The social networking sites: As the target market has been identified, the teenagers the social networking sites can best be utilized. As mentioned by Christodoulides et al. (2015) the new age generation spends almost 18 hours a day in the social sits like Facebook, tweeter, Google + and many more. Hence, to approach this particular age group the social networking sites can be utilized. On the other hand, the educational tourists, sports parsons, adventure enthusiasts often join groups based on their interests in theses social sites. Hence, by using this vehicle, the company will be able to attract the potential customers. Moreover, the company website will also be a helpful vehicle in disseminating the information regarding the product and its offerings. YouTube: This vehicle can best utilize the USP strategy of advertisement. There are a number of tech experts, who often create videos by discussing the product differences in their own channels (Puzakova et al. 2015). In addition, they are quite famous all around the world the company can identify and employ them to make videos by discussing the features that make the brand different from its competitors. The print media: The health magazines can create brand awareness and change the purchasing perception of the aged people. On the other hand, the travel and sports magazines can do the same task to attracting the potential education tourists and fitness lovers. Last but not the last, the normal newspapers can also draw the attention of all the selected targeted audiences. The point of sales and point of purchase: As mentioned by Vij and Sharma (2013) the marketing communication can also be done via providing information with the help of display racks, leaflets or simply by communicating to the customers. Here, the sales personnel need to inform the customers or give the leaflets to make the customers known about the product. Outdoor advertisements: All the selected target audiences, mainly the educational tourists and the aged population can be made aware of the product specifications by putting up billboards, display signs, banners and flexes in hospitals, tourist spots, educational institutes any many other sources. The GNATT chart: This chart will be helpful in identifying the duration of the IMC plan. Tasks Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Emotional advertisement Resonance USP advertisement Public relation Sales promotion Figure 2: GNATT chart Source: developed by the author Conclusion: In conclusion, it can b said that the IMC plans and tools are typically important for the marketers. However, in the modern competitive market it is necessary to identify and use innovative IMC strategies to attract the potential customers and obtain a significant competitive advantage. Here, by using the emotional, resonance and USP strategy, the company can successfully attract the target audience for Samsung Gear and obtain a considerable competitive advantage. References: Castronovo, C. and Huang, L., 2012. Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), p.117. Christodoulides, G., Siamagka, N.T. and Michaelidou, N., 2015. A model for the adoption of social media by B2B organizations. InIdeas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old(pp. 578-581). Springer International Publishing. Cross, J.C., Belich, T.J. and Rudelius, W., 2015. How marketing managers use market segmentation: an exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer International Publishing. Drewniany, B.L. and Jewler, A.J., 2013.Creative strategy in advertising. Cengage Learning. Kerr, G. and Patti, C., 2015. Strategic IMC: From abstract concept to marketing management tool.Journal of Marketing Communications,21(5), pp.317-339. Kliatchko, J.G. and Schultz, D.E., 2014. Twenty years of IMC: A study of CEO and CMO perspectives in the Asia-Pacific region.International Journal of Advertising,33(2), pp.373-390. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Puzakova, M., Kwak, H., Andras, T.L. and Zinkhan, G.M., 2015. The Role of Mass Media and Marketing Communication in Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Study from the Russian Market. InProceedings of the 2009 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 180-180). Springer International Publishing. Reinartz, W. and Saffert, P., 2013. Creativity in advertising: When it works and when it doesnt.Harvard business review,91(6), pp.106-111. Samsung AU. (2016).Samsung Australia | Mobile | TV | Home Appliances. [online] Available at: https://www.samsung.com/au/home/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. (Samsung AU, 2016) Sharma, R., 2015. IMC: A Tool for Building Competitive Advantage.International Journal of Core Engineering and Management,2(2), pp.75-88. Shin, K.Y., 2013. Theory of IMC Strategy. InThe Executor of Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy: Marcom Managers Working Model(pp. 3-23). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Shirkhodaee, M. and Rezaee, S., 2014. The Power of Creative Advertising and Consumers Perceived Risk.Journal of Promotion Management,20(5), pp.590-606. Tafesse, W. and Kitchen, P.J., 2015. IMCan integrative review.International Journal of Advertising, pp.1-17. Vij, S. and Sharma, J., 2013, January. An Empirical Study on Social Media Behaviour of Consumers and Social Media Marketing Practices of Marketers. In5th IIMA Conference on Marketing in Emerging Economies. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media.

Kosovo Conflict Essay Example For Students

Kosovo Conflict Essay KosovoBackground of Kosovo:-The Balkans have been a very unstable region for hundreds of years. The reason for contention is because of ethnic origin and disputes of which race owns which land.. That is the reason for the dispute over Kosovo is because of the same thing. This is a very complicated situation, that I dont really know everything about. I just kind of know the basics. Back in the 1500 hundreds, the Serbs conquered the Kosovo area, slowly and gradually over the years the Ethnic Albanians started occupying the territory, until before the bombing began, Kosovo consisted of 90% Ethnic Albanians. Well, the Serbs didnt like this, especially Milosevic who is the ruler over Serbia. Since Kosovo has many historical ties to the Serbs, and the Serbs conquered that territory back in the 1500 hundreds, Milosevic wanted to reclaim their rightful territory. And his method to do this was through ethnic cleansing Kosovo. Stats:-Milosevic has been doing this subtlety for years, and as of last fall has increased his killing of ethnic Albainians. To date, there are now 200,00 people dead as a result of Milosevics ethnic cleansing. That is probably a very low figure. 100,000 Kosovar men are now missing, which might be the reason for the mass graves that have been pictured. Nearly one half a million people have been expelled from their homes, many forced out at gunpoint, while the Serbian troops destroyed their identity papers, making them unable to return to their homes. This flood of refugees have overwhelmed neighboring countries, who are economically weak, and are unable to take in all the refugees. 600,000 Kosovars are surviving off the land in mountains nearby. Controversy:-You might wonder what business the U.S. has in a country on the other side of the world, where it seems to be no political interest whatsoever. That is a big controversery of whether or not NATO should be involved. At first I was against NATO involvement for just those reasons, why should NATO get involved where there would be no benefit to us, because this was more of a humanitarian issue. But as I researched this and read more about it, I am in favor of NATO involvement. I believe that we should do everything possible to help stop Tyrants from killing innocent people. Which is what was and is occuring in Kosovo. -But I am against NATO in who, why and how NATO is handling this conflict. Who:-NATO is very hypocritical by saying they got involved in this situation purely because of humanitarian reasons. There have been many occasions where the U.S. looked the other way on bigger humanitarian disasters. In West Africa, there was a similar ethnic cleansing situation where the U.S. did not get involved. Why:-In the begging, where NATO was on the verge of bombing Kosovo, Clinton spoke in a public meeting about why we were getting involved. He said, trying to get public approval, that the reason the U.S. is getting involved is largely an economical reason. He said that this war would help the U.S. financially. By getting involved, we would become partners with Europe, thus increasing a trade relationship. That is what I am against. I am against the U.S./Clinton thinking more about how much money we can get, rather than saving innocent lives from being brutally murdered. -After the bombing had dragge d on for longer than expected, which was only about a week in some peoples opinion, the objectives were stated as follows: To stop ethnic cleansing, stop flood of refugees into nieghboring countries, stop NATO from splitting, prevent Milosevic from strengthening his grip on the Balkan region. And, after over 2 months of involvement, NATO has not been able to meet those objectives. -Bob Bennet said that the current bombing has been no help to the Albanians and Macedonians, who have seen hundreds of thousands of refugees flood across the borders into their ill-equipped countries. It has been of no help to NATO, an alliance that has seen its military stocks drawn down to dangerously low levels, with no effects on the atrocities going on in the killing fields. -One speculated reason to get involved was because of the military stategic point in the Balkans. After NATO wins, the U.S. would put troops in the area to secure it. That was one reason why Russia is against U.S. involvement. .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a , .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .postImageUrl , .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a , .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:hover , .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:visited , .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:active { border:0!important; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:active , .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue88be9a32b52d4af79700c1cbe202a3a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: One flew over the cuckoos nest Argumentative EssayHow:This is my biggest controversy to NATOs actions. NATOs strategy to stop Milosevic from killing innocent people, was to bomb him into submission. Military officials predicted this war would last less than two weeks. NATO underestimated milosevics tolerance. (VIETNAM CARTOON) Many people compare this war to vietnam. The U.S. underestimated what Vietnamise were willing to take. Also, both sides did not fully explore the possiblity of a peaceful negotiation. After the Vietnam war, there was a study on the conflict where a group of researchers tried to find out if there was a better way of handling the conflict. They talked with both U.S. government and the vietnamese government, they found that both sides were much more open to negotiations than previously thought. The U.S. just assumed that there was no peaceful solution, and thought bombing would solve all problems. Which in the end, made things much worse. That is the question being raised in this conflict, could there have been a peaceful negotiation? -quote from New York Times-This century has been the bloodiest in history. Over 160 million human beings have been killed in various conflicts, and that number rises each day. It is a dark history, but unless we look at it and seek to learn from it, it will only get darker. It was once famously said that the United States did not have 10 years of experience n Vietnam, but one year of experience 10 times over. Will we say the same about the Balkans?-This is a quote from a military spokesman, NATO strikes continue to cause serious damage to the Serb military and will further degrade their capability to commit atrocities against the Kosovo Albanian population We are also seeing increased evidence of ethnic cleansing-Same spokesman, same briefing, same day, one minute later. This is also a characteristic of Vietnam, where there was very questionable news being sent back to the public. There is very vague reports of what NATO bombed, and how bad the damage was. It doesnt seem as though we are getting all the information. There has been much use of double speak in the news. The death of innocent men, women and children from bombs and missiles launched by over a thousand warplanes are labeled as Unintentional collateral damage. Bakeries and water pumping stations blown to pieces by NATOs barrage are dual-use facilities because soldiers, like civilians, eat and drink. And, of course, deliberate terror bombing is a humanitarian war. -Another big controversy of this war is whether or not to bring in ground troops. The U.S. did not even consider ground troops before the war began; they didnt even have the threat of using them. This gave Milosivic the advantage. Without even the threat of ground troops coming in, Milosevic had all the freedom he wanted to ethnically cleanse Kosovo. Milosevic was allready killing ethnic albanians before the bombing began, but not to the degree he was after bombing started. NATO bombing gave the serbs a good reason to start kicking all the Ethnic Albanians out. So, you could argue that NATO involvement has only worstened the situation in Kosovo. The reason why NATO picked air raids as there strategy to win was because they did not want to lose allied lives. As in Somalia, the U.S. was involved as long as no U.S. soldiers lives were not lost. Then in one day, when 15 soldiers died, the U.S. backed out of Somalia. The single most remarkable fact about this war is this: Not one allied soldier engaged in combat has even been seriously injured in 2 months of the campaign. Has there ever been such a war anywhere? -It seems as though NATOs biggest objective in this war is to make sure that no allied lives are lost, not to save the thousands of Kosovars that are dying and millions that are going homeless. This is by far my biggest objection to this war. If the U.S. is going to get involved in a war, then I believe that we should do whatever is necessary to accomplish the objectives. In this case, to save the ethnic albanians. -A recent pole showed that 63% of the American people think that NATO is right in getting involved. When asked about sending in ground troops this dropped to only 41% thinking that ground troops should be used. This means that the majority of people are allright with being involve in a conflict, just as long as no allied soldiers lives are lost. And this is exactly how Clinton is going about this war. Clinton, I believe, is too concern with publi c opinion. In general, the average american citizen is not going to have an in-depth knowledge of the Kosovo situation, and what strategy would be the best to use to save the most amount of lives. -NATO is not even willing to air drop desperately needed food and medicine to the tens of thousands of Albanians still trapped inside Kosovo. The reason for this is because the planes would have to fly low and they might be shot down. I guess this didnt apply to the f-117 stealth fighter pilot who was shot down over enemy territory. NATO actually got together an entire rescue team, flew over enemy territory in a helicopter, much more vulnerable than a plane, and rescue the single pilot taking an incredible risk of being shot down. Is this supposed to mean that a single allied life is worth more than thousands of albanian lives?My view:-I think that the U.S. should use the Powell strategy used in Desert Storm. To use as much force as possible to overwhelm the opposition. I believe that a hu man life is worth the same no matter where that person is from. I believe that if the President is not willing to sacrifice allied lives to achieve military objectives, then we have no business @ @ |@ @ A TA ZA `A aA sA A ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A UB YB vB ?B ?B ?B C C C 0C cC dC sC ?C ?C ?C ND VD aD ?D ?D ?D E :E TE ?E ?E ?E ?E ?E /F ;F XF ?F ?F ?F ?F 2G ?G ?G ?H ?H ?H 5I AI ?I )J RJ tJ vJ {J ?J ?J ?J ?J MK ZK gK ?K ?K ?K ?K L *L +L BL ^L _L iL qL uL L ?L ?L ?L ?L ?L ?L ?L gM hM mM oM ?M ?M N N MN QN ~N ?N ?N O O O XO sO O ?O ?O P dP ?P ?P ?P ?P ?P Q Q dQ sQ ?Q ?Q ?Q ?Q ?Q ?Q ?Q R R R R R aR bR pR ?R R ?R ?R ?R ?R ?R ?R .S 6S fS iS ?S ?S ?S ?S T DT gT yT |T ?T ?T ?T ?T U ?U ?U V V V 1V @V X ^X `X zX ?X ?X ?X ?X ?X ?X ?X Y Y -Y EY YY dY gY tY Y ?Y ?Y ?Y ?Y ?Y ?Y #Z ?Z GZ NZ SZ UZ VZ XZ aZ ?Z ?Z ?Z ?Z ?Z ?Z

Purchasing Management and Departments †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Purchasing Management and Departments. Answer: Introduction Purchasing management is one of the important departments within an organization, which is responsible for all types of purchasing activities that are needed to maintain infrastructure within the organization. It is the duty of the purchasing department of an organization to ensure that all the raw materials and goods that are needed for the operation of a business are being properly maintained with the help of proper supply chain. The overall cost and price of the product that are being sold by the organization are deceived by the policies of the purchasing department. The primary objective of the purchasing department is to ensure that good quality of products is being purchased by the organization at minimum amount of pricing. It is also essential to ensure that the organization have a proper relationship with all the suppliers. By maintaining proper data, it is possible for the purchasing department to keep record of all the relevant information related to business transaction. The current report will analyze the components of purchasing department within the Temasek Polytechnic of Singapore. This is one of the premium learning institutes of Singapore and the third of its kind in the nation. The education institute is mostly famous for its high level of infrastructure that is being offered to the students. The institute was established in the year 1990 only 30 hectare of plot, which offers all type of modern facilities that are needed for learning procedures. The institute currently has more than 15000 students and almost 1200 administrative staffs. It is essential for the purchasing department of the Polytechnic College to ensure proper policies are being implemented that can ensure smooth functioning of the organization. The current report will focus upon few of the primary elements related to purchasing department of the Temasek Polytechnic that includes criteria for supplier selection, application of ICT in purchasing operation and also the cost analysi s of purchasing department. Supplier Selection Criteria Sebtin et al., (2015), have mentioned about the importance of setting up for the purchasing goals, which can help to improve upon the cost effectiveness of the policies that have been implemented by an organization. The purchasing management goal for an education institute need to have all the policies that are needed to maintain high level of infrastructure for providing quality education service. In case of Temasek Polytechnic, it is the duty of the purchasing managers to ensure that all the students and the administrative staffs are capable of dealing with the challenge related to the providing of high quality of education service. It is important to develop effective purchasing policies, which can help to ensure that only authorized suppliers can provide materials to the institute. It can also help to ensure that only genuine materials are being obtained for the operation of the institute. It is the duty of the purchasing officers to act as one of the responsible working staffs to establish effective relationship with that of the major supplier groups, which will ensure that all the working agents are able to get all types of products that are necessary for the functioning of the organization. Quality of the product is also one of the essential criteria, which needs to be insured by the purchasing manager. According to Adoment et al., (2014), proper selection of the suppliers is the initial primary challenge of the purchasing manager. In case of an education institute like Temasek Polytechnic, suppliers need to provide proper technological infrastructure, which is one of the essential part of providing high quality education. It is important to mention in the context that most of the education training plans of the Polytechnic College are made with the help of technology, which includes IT software development program. Hence, it is essential for the suppliers to provide the latest technological equipments that are needed in the process of providing education program. Pepper multimedia equipments and also required to provide presentation, which is regularly needed for all seminar programs that is a major part of the education plan (Mason Mason, 2016). Proper laboratory equipments are also few of the important requirements of the applied science and engineering department along with that of the IT education course. The purchasing manager of the university needs to implement proper criteria for the selection of the suppliers for laboratory equipments based on the cost and quality of the materials (Weele Raaij, 2014). The reliability upon the suppliers is also essential due to the fact that it can help the organization to ensure about the level of safety. One of the issues that may be faced by the purchasing manager of theTemasek Polytechnic is due to the fact that in their region they do not have enough choice of suppliers to select. Hence, in many cases, the Institute will have to depend upon Limited number of suppliers. The quality of the product is one of the important criteria, which will decide upon the quality of education service that have been provided by the institute. It is also important to select the criteria for commun ication with the suppliers. As it is important for the every organization to depend upon Effective mode of communication with the suppliers, it is important to select the supply chain depending upon the source of communication and the level of efficiency, which can help the organization festival, is healthy relationship with supplier group. Proper selection of the suppliers is one of the primary duties of the purchasing manager, which decides upon the infrastructure level and quality of service provided by the organization. ICT for Purchasing Operations Implication of the information and communication technology is one of the essential duties of purchasing department management that can help the organization to get proper information related to the supply chain from external environment. As per mentioned by Bernon Mena (2013), the applications of the ICT tools is an essential component to monitor the performance of supply chain management. It is possible to maintain proper documentation with the help of the process of communication technology that can be used by the purchasing department in an organization for future references. Birou et al., (2016), have added in this context that Application of ICT tools is one of the important part of dealing with Procurement of the resources for an organization that can be used in future during the time of crisis. The use of information communication technology is an essential part of all types of education degree programs, which and help ensure that the latest mode of multimedia Technology are being applied in all types of degree courses. This can not only that at the level of understanding of the learners but can also help to deal with the challenges related to the complex level of understanding but can also help in the matters related to the challenges within the process of communication. The uses and information Technology is essential due to the fact that it can help to deal with the overall planning process of the purchasing department. The application of information communication technology is one of the essential parts of the globalization, which can help an organization to collect all relevant information from the external business environment Perez (2017). Hence, it is possible for the organization to collect information about the demand of the products that are needed for managing their operational activities. Future planning process can also be implemented with the help of the information that are gathered from ICT. The process for procurement management can be achieved with the help of detail relevant information that is needed as a part of maintaining high level infrastructure within an organization. The supply chain management procedures in an organization can help in the process of coordinating all complex activities that can help to secure all types of requirements within an institute. The Information Technology plays a significant part in implementing purchasing practice for education institutes Temasek Polytechnic. As per the work of Kanapathy et al., (2016), the investment that is made in the purchasing activities of the department, can help to focus upon the challenges that are encountered by the purchasing department. Images of securing infrastructure for an education institute, it is essential to have effective system of information communication technology, which is needed to deal with the challenge related to lack of coordination within the departments of the organization. It is with the help of effective communication technology, which can enable for purchasing manager to get proper information related to the issues and shortages of resources that are encountered by the administrative working staffs and students. Hence, one of the basic fundamentals of maintaining high level of infrastructure with an education institute can be achieved with the help of securing the infrastructure for ICT. Purchasing cost Analysis According to Wengang and Suicheng (2015), one of the important duties of the purchasing department of an organization is to secure the matters related to cost estimation. The cost of the purchasing department can vary depending upon the operational activities that are being conducted within an organization. With application of proper tools, it is possible to calculate about the overall expenditure that is a part of the education institute infrastructure. As Polytechnic College is not only profit making organization, it is important to ensure that the cost of the purchasing department has to be calculated not only based on the profit margin, it also has consider the activities related to providing high quality education service to the society. Hence, it is essential for the purchasing managers not to lower the cost of the purchasing that can compromise upon the quality of education service provided by the institute. The use of the cost calculating tools is effective due to the fact that it can not only help to deal with the matters related to functioning and current expenditure but can also help to predict the future cost that organization need to spend to maintain sustainability. The software of the accounting tools and account management can be used in this context to get the detailed statistical information about the overall expenditure of the organization. This is one of the major parts of the activities that can lead to deal in the sustainable development. In most of the organizations, the purchasing manager use the tool of average cost, which is one of the essential component that can help to predict the overall cost of the company's infrastructural expenditure. There are various components which are involved in the purchasing management for maintaining infrastructure within the Temasek Polytechnic. It is the duty of the purchasing manager of the institute to divide the various components of the infrastructure, which can help on to decide the overall expenditure. The cost of purchasing can vary depending upon the type of education that is provided in each of the department. For example, the cost of purchasing products in the social science department is much less compared to that of the applied science department due to the fact that in the later case, high level of infrastructure is needed to set up the laboratory equipments. Hence, it is the duty of the purchasing manager to have separate expenditure list depending upon the requirements of each of the department within the education institute. It is also their duty to ensure that cost of the purchasing department is calculated by not compromising on the overall quality of the Purchased products and thereby be able to maintain high level of education service quality (Zhao et al., 2016). Conclusion In the concluding note, it can be said that the activities related to the purchasing department is one of the essential component of operational activities within an organization. For a reputed education institute like Temasek Polytechnic, it is essential to monitor the activities of the purchasing department, which will ensure that proper infrastructure is maintained within the institute that can help to provide quality education service to the society. Proper selection of suppliers is one of the essential duties of the purchasing department. It is also important to implement proper Information Communication Technology, which is needed for the stakeholders within the organization to communicate about the matters related to product purchasing. Finally, it is also essential to estimate the overall cost of purchasing product, which is needed to maintain sustainability within the organization. References Wengang, Y., Suicheng, L. (2015). Purchasing Efficacy: Alignment between Purchasing Practice Configurations and Purchasing Competitive Priorities. Journal of Management, 4, 012. Zhao, C., Xu, G., Tian, Y., Ren, W., Lv, C., Yin, B., Liang, T. (2016, July). A purchasing management strategy model about grading and classifying railway materials based on material grouping. In Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), 2016 International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE. Kanapathy, K., Yee, G. W., Zailani, S., Aghapour, A. H. (2016). An intra-regional comparison on RoHS practices for green purchasing management among electrical and electronics SMEs in Southeast Asia. International Journal of Procurement Management, 9(3), 249-271. Perez, C. (2017, January). Conservatism, Overconfidence and Self-attribution Biases Effect on Venezuelan Purchasing Managers. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 12141). Academy of Management. Birou, L., Lutz, H., Zsidisin, G. A. (2016). Current state of the art and science: a survey of purchasing and supply management courses and teaching approaches. International Journal of Procurement Management, 9(1), 71-85. Bernon, M., Mena, C. (2013). The evolution of customised executive education in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 440-453. Weele, A. J., Raaij, E. M. (2014). The future of purchasing and supply management research: About relevance and rigor. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(1), 56-72. Sebti, H., Grard, B. and Perray-Redslob, L., 2015. Identity use of management accounting systems by the members of a professional group: the case of the purchasing function. Comptabilit-Contrle-Audit, 21(2), pp.13-32. Adoment, M., Fischer, D., Godemann, J., Herzig, C., Otte, I., Rieckmann, M., Timm, J. (2014). Emerging areas in research on higher education for sustainable developmentmanagement education, sustainable consumption and perspectives from Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of cleaner production, 62, 1-7. Mason, K. F., Mason, K. F. (2016). Using student activity trends to inform purchasing: a layered model for collection management. Collection Building, 35(2), 54-56.

The Pros of Apec Essay Example

The Pros of Apec Essay APEC allows a forum to discuss issues that arises among members countries. For example during conflict regarding Spratly Island, APEC has become a forum to discuss about the issue and not only focusing on economic matters. Free flow of labors also being discussed in APEC, to ensure the labor is sufficient among members country thus making the development process maintain at the optimum level. For example, if Vietnam reporting that they are shortage of workforce, APEC will discuss the matter with other members if they can help to contribute some of their local workforce to work in Vietnam. In return, Vietnam shall take advantage by using the workforce to their optimum level but still not neglect their duties towards the labors (wages, allowance, shelter, etc). APEC also helps in business facilitation. If a member country is insufficient of some services or supplies, other member countries should willing to help as they are from the same regional cooperation area. For example, if New Zealand do not have the specialities needed in manufacturing their very own national car, they can borrow some specialist and experts from members who have produce their own car such as Malaysia. Malaysia will sent their skillful technician and workers to assist New Zealand from designing, manufacturing, and needed services. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros of Apec specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros of Apec specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pros of Apec specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By obeying to the â€Å"give and take† rule, New Zealand can offer Malaysia some advantages such as reduced tax for New Zealand’s product that was exported to Malaysia, increase quota for new labor from Malaysia, or even inviting Malaysia’s best students to further their studies in New Zealand and give them New Zealand’s scholarship. APEC allows Asian countries to dialogue with economic power houses such as Japan and USA. This will ensure poor member countries will benefit from new technology and can adapt their country to build more development projects. For example, less developed member’s country such as Vietnam can adapt some of Japan’s technology to modernize Vietnam’s outdated machinery and thus increasing output and national income. Vice versa, Japan can take something from Vietnam’s specialities such as in textile, traditional music, and culture. Besides that, dialogue with economic power houses also can make poor and tiny country feels being in attention and not being isolated. Their voice is counted and can make a difference in changes of regional’s regulations, law, or orders.